Gastritis and Its Consequence

Gastritis is an sacking of the lining of the stomach, and has many possible causes. 1The main penetrative causes are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use ofnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) much(prenominal) as aspirin or ibuprofen. Sometimes gastritis develops after major surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or barren infections. Gastritis whitethorn also occur in those who have had weight loss surgery resulting in the circle or reconstruction of the digestive tract.Chronic causes are infection with bacteria, primarily Helicobacter pylori, chronic bile reflux, and pains certain autoimmune disorders throw out cause gastritis as well. The most common symptom is abdominal fray or pain. Other symptoms are indigestion, abdominal bloating, nausea, and vomiting and subtle anemia. Some may have a touch perception of fullness or burning in the upper abdomen. A gastroscopy, blood test, complete blood counting test, or a stool test may be used to diagn ose gastritis. Treatment includes fetching antacids or other medicines, such as proton spirit inhibitors or antibiotics, and avoiding hot or spicy foods.For those with pernicious anemia, B12 injections are given, plainly more often oral B12 supplements are recommended. Many people with gastritis experience no symptoms at all. However, upper central abdominal pain is the most common symptom the pain may be dull, vague, burning, aching, gnawing, sore, or sharp. Pain is usually located in the upper central portion of the abdomen, but it may occur anywhere from the upper left portion of the abdomen around to the back. Other signs and symptoms may include Nausea Vomiting (if present, may be clear, green or yellow, blood-streaked, or completely bloody, depending on the severity of the stomach inflammation) Belching (if present, usually does non relieve the pain much) Bloating Early satiety passage of appetite Unexplained weight loss Acute Erosive gastritis is a gastric mucosal eroding caused by damage to mucosal defenses. Alcohol consumption does not cause chronic gastritis. It does, however, erode the mucosal lining of the stomach low doses of alcohol stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion. High doses of alcohol do not stimulate secretion of acid.NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase-1, or COX-1, an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids in the stomach, which increases the possibility of peptic ulcers forming.. Also, NSAIDs, such as aspirin, reduce a substance that protects the stomach called prostaglandin. These drugs used in a short fulfilment are not typically dangerous. However, regular use arse lead to gastritis. Chronic Chronic gastritis refers to a wide range of problems of the gastric tissues. The immune system makes proteins and antibodies that fight infections in the body to maintain a homeostatic condition.In some disorders the body targets the stomach as if it were a foreign protein or pathogen it makes antibodies against, badly dam ages, and may even destroy the stomach or its lining. In some cases bile, normally used to upkeep digestion in the small intestine, will enter through the pyloric valve of the stomach if it has been removed during surgery or does not work properly, also leading to gastritis. Gastritis may also be caused by other medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, Crohns disease, certain connective tissue disorders, and liver or kidney failure. 10 DiagnosisOften, a diagnosis can be made based on the patients description of his or her symptoms, but other methods which may be used to verify gastritis include Blood tests Blood cell count Presence of H. pylori Pregnancy Liver, kidney, gallbladder, or pancreas functions Urinalysis Stool sample, to look for blood in the stool X-rays ECGs Endoscopy, to check for stomach lining inflammation and mucous erosion Stomach biopsy, to test for gastritis and other conditions Treatement Over-the-counter antacids in liquid or pad of paper form are a c ommon treatment for mild gastritis.Antacids neutralize stomach acid and can provide fast pain relief. When antacids do not provide enough relief, medications such as cimetidine, ranitidine, nizatidine orfamotidine that serve well reduce the amount of acid the stomach produces are often prescribed. 15 An even more effective focusing to limit stomach acid production is to shut down the acid substances within acid-secreting stomach cells. Proton ticker inhibitors reduce acid by blocking the action of these small pumps. 15 This class of medications includes omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, andesomeprazole.Proton pump inhibitors also bulge out to inhibit H. pylori activity. Cytoprotective agents are designed to help protect the tissues that line the stomach and small intestine. They include the medications sucralfate and misoprostol. If NSAIDs are being taken regularly, one of these medications to protect the stomach may also be taken. another(prenominal) cytoprotective agent i s bismuth subsalicylate. Many people also drink milk to relieve symptoms, however the tall calcium levels actually stimulate release of gastric acid from parietal cells, ultimately worsening symptoms.In addition to protecting the lining of stomach and intestines, bismuth preparations appear to inhibit H. pylori activity as well. some(prenominal) regimens are used to treat H. pylori infection. Most use a combination of two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor. Sometimes bismuth is also added to the regimen. The antibiotic aids in destroying the bacteria, and the acid blocker or proton pump inhibitor relieves pain and nausea, heals inflammation, and may increase the antibiotics effectiveness.