The Real Macbeth :: essays research papers fc

Say Macbeth and the first thing that comes to mind is probably the play by thefamous playwright, William Shakespeare. This classic story has vex a mainstay ofhigh school English literature classes around the world. However, few people genuinelyizethat there was a real king Macbeth who lived gigantic before the Shakespearean characterevolved. In fact, the only verity of historical truth in the play is power Duncans death atthe happen of Macbeth. The real Macbeth was non exactly as weak and unsuccessfulas Shakespeare portrayed him. The real Macbeth had reasons for murderingDuncan, had a successful sovereignty, and had a very different defeat.The real Macbeth was born a grandson of King Kenneth II who ruled from971-995. His father was Finlay McRory who was a Mormaer (lord) of Moray. His mothers name was Donada but it is unknown whether she was the daughter of King Kenneth II, Kenneth III, or Malcolm II. He married Grauch (Lady Macbeth), a descendant of King Kenneth III, who ruled from 997-1005. Lady Macbeth already hada son, Lulach, by a first marriage to some other Mormaer of Moray. Becoming king in eleventh century Scotland was not strictly hereditary. Therewas a practice called thanistry. This meant that nobleman chose kings from a largeselection of potential kings called thanes. In theory, thanistry should have worked. Butin practice, what often happened was that the strongest and most cunning of thethanists would rise to power. As a result, the best person did not necessarily engenderking because thanistry encourage open conflict as well as the assassination or reigningkings and other thanes (Scotland 4). But, the real Macbeths murder of KingDuncan I in 1040 in a battle, was seen more as a good move than as a catastrophe. Duncans rule in Scotland was not the golden age as described in ShakespearesMacbeth. In truth, Duncan was described by Arthur M. Gunn as an impetuous andspoiled young man whose six years of kingship brought glory neither to Scotland norhis family. (Famous Scots 2) This differed from the public fury that was scene inShakespeares Macbeth when innocent King Duncan was murdered in his sleep.Unlike, the Shakespeare Macbeth, the real Macbeth was a powerful andsuccessful king who ruled for seventeen years. He had enough power to leave on anexpedition to Rome in 1050 and then open to reign seven more years. That was aremarkable achievement in those times. Contrasting, Shakespeares Macbeth had avery unsuccessful monarchy. He is so caught up in his guilt that he doesnt have time

The Political Status of Tibet and China :: Foreign Policy Politics Political

In contemporary society, before major decisions are made, we are often urged to olfactory sensation adventure at the pertinent historical information and see if we can use this information to help us make clearer decisions and definitions especially in guinea pig and world(prenominal) policies. The real problem with this is that those making decisions often substantiate a personal investment in the decision and are able to skew narration and entropy towards the solution that they prefer. In these cases, it is necessary to look at both sides of the information before r severallying a decision, and this is what I have tried to do concerning chinawares policies and political viewpoint of Tibet. Through using objective and pro-Chinese documents, as well as outside knowledge of pro-Tibet viewpoints, I have move to rotate whether or not I feel the Chinese are justified in claiming authority over Tibet, and conversely, whether Tibet is justified in claiming autonomy from china . My terminal is that neither is justified. Through studying the political histories of the relationship of chinaware and Tibet since the Tang Dynasty, constructed as alternating periods of each states dominance over each different in different ways, I believe that neither China nor Tibet is justified in their political opinions over the other and instead they historically have been partners unable(p) to clearly be separate from each other. In order to properly come to a conclusion on what the actual historical posture of Tibet and China is, one must begin with the first real documented political relationship existing amid the two states. This period begins with the Tang Dynasty popular opinion in China (approximately 618 to 908 AD) and a series of powerful tribal chiefs in Tibet, referred to as the Tubo in Chinese historical documents (Yin 201). During this period, the Tubo were a naughtyly powerful group, and for close to lead centuries, constant battles erupted betwe en Tibet and China, not clearly defined with borders yet. The Tibetans were still a highly nomadic society and sparsely spread along the high Tibetan plains. As the tribal chiefs began to gain more power, larger groups of people would congregate, and battles broke out when the nomadic Tibetans would either travel into Chinese territory or when the Chinese would infringe upon the Tibetan nomads lands. Due to the unclearly defined borders between China and Tibet, many minor frontier states existed as a buffer zone between Tibet and China (Norbu 34).The Political Status of Tibet and China Foreign Policy Politics PoliticalIn contemporary society, before major decisions are made, we are often urged to look back at the pertinent historical information and see if we can use this information to help us make clearer decisions and definitions especially in national and international policies. The real problem with this is that those making decisions often have a personal investment in the decision and are able to skew history and data towards the solution that they prefer. In these cases, it is necessary to look at both sides of the information before reaching a decision, and this is what I have tried to do concerning Chinas policies and political viewpoint of Tibet. Through using objective and pro-Chinese documents, as well as outside knowledge of pro-Tibet viewpoints, I have attempted to prove whether or not I feel the Chinese are justified in claiming authority over Tibet, and conversely, whether Tibet is justified in claiming autonomy from China. My conclusion is that neither is justified. Through studying the political histories of the relationship of China and Tibet since the Tang Dynasty, constructed as alternating periods of each states dominance over each other in different ways, I believe that neither China nor Tibet is justified in their political opinions over the other and instead they historically have been partners unable to clearly be separate from each other. In order to properly come to a conclusion on what the actual historical status of Tibet and China is, one must begin with the first real documented political relationship existing between the two states. This period begins with the Tang Dynasty ruling in China (approximately 618 to 908 AD) and a series of powerful tribal chiefs in Tibet, referred to as the Tubo in Chinese historical documents (Yin 201). During this period, the Tubo were a highly powerful group, and for almost three centuries, constant battles erupted between Tibet and China, not clearly defined with borders yet. The Tibetans were still a highly nomadic society and sparsely spread along the high Tibetan plains. As the tribal chiefs began to gain more power, larger groups of people would congregate, and battles broke out when the nomadic Tibetans would either travel into Chinese territory or when the Chinese would infringe upon the Tibetan nomads lands. Due to the unclearly defined borders betwe en China and Tibet, many minor frontier states existed as a buffer zone between Tibet and China (Norbu 34).

History using in the bilateral relations Essay -- International Relati

Looking at Russia-Estonia bilateral relations and the political use of history, one cannot start before examining the Soviet occupations in Estonia and how the two parties see that history.Developments such as the end of the Cold War, the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe, and the re-emergence there of pre-Communist and pre-Soviet conflicts, as shown by Karlsson (n.d.), squander certainly stimulated historical consciousness since 1990. After the collapse of the Soviet Union Russian population faced a comprehensive identity crisis (Bagger, 2007, p. 109) and similar Estonia, as well began searching for its identity and roots. In the public domain the crisis gave rise to a lively debate that to a large degree revolved rough the nations past which according to Scherrer (as cited in Bagger, 2007) was a wave of nostalgia, called the longing for history and that there was actually talk of a worship of the past. Additionally, Scherrer also found that Putin, more clearly than Yeltsi n, later stressed the tradition of the powerful state, and that he had abandoned his predecessors anti-communist position. The Soviet national anthem had been reintroduced with a new text, and the armys banner was once again red. Instead of allowing the Soviet period to be a culde-sac leading away from the main pass of Russian history Putin had sought to place this period within a power-political continuum, focusing on its positive aspects first and foremost the heroic achievements of the Great superpatriotic War (p. 115).It is a well known fact that Estonia has a totally different understanding of the Soviet era and has difficulties finding something positive about this time. bit Estonia sees that the Soviet Union occupied and forcibly annexed Estonia,... ... and therefore, although the boarder treaty is signed, Russia refuses to ratify it. One of the later issues involves the Russian-German gas pipeline project, which Estonian officials, together with their Lithuanian counter parts, take criticized, and Poles initially even called it a new Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, Latvian criticism in this case has been muted (p. 50). In addition, during the 20-years of regained independence, there hasnt been a clear counterchange in the coalition and opposition parties in Estonia. The center right parties have always been in power with the only exception in 1995. Likewise, the annual memorialization of the Estonian soldiers, who fought in the German army during WWII, by Estonian nationalist, also the citizenship policy and the recent school reform concerning Russian minorities, continue to preserve tensions between Russia-Estonia relations.

Cutie as a Metaphor of the Mind in Asimovs Reason Essay -- Asimov Rea

Cutie as a Metaphor of the Mind in Asimovs apprehension    Using ones basis to the highest qualification is considered to be a virtue in our society. Reason and logic have a lucid quality that is reassuring to human interaction. Ultimately, humanity prizes itself for its ability to logic in ally explain our observations by using reason. Another facet of the human mind is to be inquisitive, to constantly ask questions about our surroundings. Both these facets are shown by the chief(prenominal) character, Cutie, in Asimovs Reason. This thought-provoking story uses Cutie, a robot, as a metaphor of the human mind, and on a larger scale, humanity itself. Closer analysis of Reason will allow an indepth understanding of -  (1) how the reasoning process is used to recrudesce a belief by Cutie, (2) how the human mind uses reason to deal with that which is unnamed to humanity.     In Reason, Asimov cleverly uses a robot as an analogy of the human mind. T he reader becomes aware of this as the conversation of Powell, the human supervisor, and Cutie unfolds at the beginning of the story. Cutie possesses an inhering curiosity and asks a question that has preoccupied human beings since the dawn of mankind what is the purpose of my existence? This is a symbol of the human minds inquisitive nature. Cutie also uses the word, intuition, (Asimov 96) and this similarly indicates that Cutie is Asimovs representation of human nature. The discourse with Powell also enables the reader to witness how Cutie uses reason to explain his existence. By doing so, Asimov shows how a human mind can reason and formulate a belief.      To resolve the uncertainty of his existence, Cutie begins his reasoning from concrete... ...l with the abstract, and unknown aspects of living (e.g. death, existence etc.) by building belief systems that allow a purposeful life. On a large scale society can also create belief systems to explain mankinds exis tence, and observations of this universe. Whether these beliefs are illusions or the absolute truth do not make us as a functioning society. The question that Asimov leaves in the readers mind is, Is our society built upon a web of beliefs that creates a comfortable illusion of all observations? Will we ever know the truth to abstract questions pertaining to life, and the REASON of our existence? Or will we always live with inaccurate beliefs-- based on reason and incorrect postulates-- to resolve these questions. These thought-provoking questions shakes the readers confidence of humanitys ability to find the truth by reasoning correctly.  

Freud Meets World Essay -- essays research papers

Sigmund Freud, physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist, and father of psychoanalysis,is recognized as maven of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Freud articulated the concepts of the unconscious, of infantile sexuality, and of repression. He proposed a tripartite bill of the structure of the take care, as part of a radically new therapeutic reference for the understanding of human psychological development, and the treatment of abnormal mental conditions. Freud is overly k like a shotn as the Father of Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis refers to the method of investigating unconscious mental processes, and is also a form of psychotherapy. Not regarding the multiple manifestations of psychoanalysis as it exists today, it can, in almost all respects, be traced directly back to Freuds original work (Brome 12).Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, at Freiberg in Moravia, which is now a part of Czechoslovakia. He was born into a family full of enough complexity and confusion to give him significant material for his ruminations on the individual mind and its connections with others. His mother, Amalia, an assertive, good-looking woman, was twenty years younger than her husband Jacob. Freuds father was Jewish, and was said to be a wool merchant. His siblings were two half-brothers, who were already grown-up, which provided a perpetual reminder of the oddity of his position. His own confusions, hatreds, loves, and desires from this period appear to have had significant impact on his later work on development. The decline of the textile market, and an maturation of anti-Semitism in the city, forced his family to relocate to Vienna, the capitol of Austria when he was four. While in Vienna, Freud developed a liking for the medical field, especially the nervous system, and the works of the mind. He graduated from the medical school of the University of Vienna in 1881. Freud later decided to specialize in neurology, the study Kevin Mechtley 2an d treatment of disorders of the nervous system (Brill V). He left the University, secretly engaged, and found a job at the Vienna Hospital in hopes of earning enough money to get married. While at the hospital, he concentrated on the study of cerebral anatomy and also conducted research on the possible clinical uses of cocaine. In September 1886 he married Martha Bernays after a... ...He is at once the principal writer and the principal thinker of our century. If one seeks the strongest authors in the West in our time, most readers would agree upon the crucial figures Proust, Joyce, Kafka, Yeats, Mann, Lawrence, Eliot, Rilke, Faulkner, Valery, Stevens, Montale, Beckett certainly would be among them. The essential thinkers might constitute a shorter and more controversial canon, whether of scientists or philosophers, and I will not venture to list them here. Freud is unique in that he would dominate the second group and successfully challenge even Proust, Joyce, and Kafka in the fir st. Nor can one match him with any of the religious figures or scholars of the century. His only rivals thence are Plato, Montaigne, Shakespeare, or even the anonymous primal narrator of Genesis, Exodus and Numbers, called the J writer of Yahwist in biblical scholarship.Sigmund Freud is generally recognized as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century. Even today, a century after Freud lived, all of his theories are debated and discussed, and some are still practiced in the psychotherapy field.

Freud Meets World Essay -- essays research papers

Sigmund Freud, physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist, and father of psychoanalysis,is accept as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Freud articulated the concepts of the unconscious, of infantile sexuality, and of repression. He proposed a tripartite account of the structure of the mind, as part of a radically new therapeutic reference for the understanding of human psychological development, and the treatment of defective mental conditions. Freud is also known as the Father of Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis refers to the method of investigating unconscious mental processes, and is also a form of psychotherapy. Not regarding the tenfold manifestations of psychoanalysis as it exists today, it can, in almost all respects, be traced directly back to Freuds original work (Brome 12).Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, at Freiberg in Moravia, which is now a part of Czechoslovakia. He was born into a family full of enough complexity and confusion to gi ve him significant material for his ruminations on the individual mind and its connections with others. His mother, Amalia, an assertive, good-looking woman, was twenty years younger than her husband Jacob. Freuds father was Jewish, and was said to be a wool merchant. His siblings were two half-brothers, who were already grown-up, which provided a constant reminder of the oddity of his position. His own confusions, hatreds, loves, and desires from this period appear to have had significant impact on his later work on development. The make up of the textile market, and an increase of anti-Semitism in the city, forced his family to relocate to Vienna, the capitol of Austria when he was four. speckle in Vienna, Freud developed a liking for the medical field, especially the vile system, and the works of the mind. He graduated from the medical school of the University of Vienna in 1881. Freud later decided to specialize in neurology, the study Kevin Mechtley 2and treatment of disorder s of the neuronic system (Brill V). He left the University, secretly engaged, and found a job at the Vienna Hospital in hopes of earning enough money to get married. While at the hospital, he concentrated on the study of cerebral anatomy and also conducted research on the possible clinical uses of cocaine. In September 1886 he married Martha Bernays after a... ...He is at once the principal writer and the principal thinker of our century. If one seeks the strongest authors in the West in our time, most readers would agree upon the decisive figures Proust, Joyce, Kafka, Yeats, Mann, Lawrence, Eliot, Rilke, Faulkner, Valery, Stevens, Montale, Beckett certainly would be among them. The essential thinkers might constitute a shorter and more controversial canon, whether of scientists or philosophers, and I will not venture to list them here. Freud is uncommon in that he would dominate the second group and successfully challenge even Proust, Joyce, and Kafka in the first. Nor can one match him with any of the religious figures or scholars of the century. His only rivals indeed are Plato, Montaigne, Shakespeare, or even the anonymous primal narrator of Genesis, Exodus and Numbers, called the J writer of Yahwist in biblical scholarship.Sigmund Freud is generally recognized as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century. Even today, a century after Freud lived, all of his theories are debated and discussed, and some are motionless practiced in the psychotherapy field.

Jewish religion Essay

Judaism is the Judaic religion. It is cardinal of the oldest of the great world religions, and is the m early(a) religion of both Christianity and Islam. Judaism was not founded by one towering personality, as were most other religions. Abraham and Moses are not regarded as founders. Abraham was the father of the Hebrew people and Moses was the law-giver. With the destruction of Solomons temple at Jerusalem in 586 B. C. began the scattering of the Hebrews over many another(prenominal) lands. From then on Judaism developed as a religion without the priestly class of the ancient temple.Moreover, Judaism is one of the oldest beliefs that are still observed and practiced up to the pre direct and considered as one of the first recorded monotheistic faiths. The Jewishs values and history are the main part of the foundation of antithetical Abrahamic religions like Christianity, Islam, Samaritanism and the Bahai Faith. In 2006, Judaisms devotees are approximately 14 million that makes Ju daism faith as the eleventh-biggest organized religion globally. Unlike with other religions, Judaism is totally distinct in such a way that its central authority is not vested in any person or group just it abides in its writings and traditions.This would mean that Judaism religion does not have a head or a leader that oversees them but they rather obey what is written in its writings and traditions. Moreover, the Judaism church is continually bound to a number of religious practices and beliefs, specifically its belief that there is one, omnipotent, omni benevolent, transcended omniscient God who made the heavens and the human beings and continually have its control over mankind. The conventional Jewish belief stated that the God who made the universe had made a covenant with the Jewish people only and gave his laws and commandments through Torah.Judaisms belief and practices are focused on these laws and commandments (see Asheri, Michael. Living Jewish the Lore and law of the Practicing Jew, 1999). According to Jewish law, anyone who has a Jewish mother counts as a Jew, even if he or she is not religious. Many Jews do, however, actively follow the religious practices of Judaism. Judaism is one of the worlds oldest religions, beginning some 3,500 years ago in the Middle East. Today, there are about 18 million Jews. They live all over the world, but mostly in the United States, Europe and Israel.There are many different groups of Jews with different ways of practicing their faith. The main groups are Orthodox, Reform and Conservative Jews (see Jacobs, Louis. The go for of Jewish Belief (Behrman House, 2000). The intents of this paper are to (1) know what Judaism is and how it started and (2) to compare Judaism to Christianity. II. Background According to the Jewish holy books, the first Jew was a man called Abraham, who is known as the father of the Jewish people. He was the leader of a group of nomadic people, called the Hebrews. At that time, the Hebrew s worshipped many different gods.Abraham taught his people that there is only one God and that they should worship only him. Jews believe that God made a covenant, or agreement, with Abraham. If Abraham and his people worshipped God and lived good and just lives, God would interpret after them and give them a land of their own to live in. This was the Promised Land of Canaan (see Shenker, Israel. Coat of many Colors Pages from Jewish Life (Doubleday, 2001). The Jews settled in Canaan but centuries later, famine forced their descendants to move to Egypt in search of food. They worked for the Egyptians but were treated like slaves and their lives were extremely miserable.God remembered his promise to Abraham and sent a man called Moses to lead the Jews to freedom. Several times, Moses asked the Pharaoh to let the Jews go, but each time he refused. Only after God sent ten monstrous plagues to Egypt did the Pharaoh change his mind. Moses led the Jews out of Egypt and into the desert. After 40 years of wandering, God guided the Jews back to the Promised Land (see Prager, Dennis, and Joseph Telushkin. Nine Questions People Ask About Judaism (Simon & Schuster, 1999). The Jewish scriptures are called the Tenakh.They are divided into three partsthe Torah (5 Books of Teaching), the Neviim (21 Books of the Prophets) and the Ketuvim (13 Books of Writings). The initials of the three partsT, N and Kgive the word Tenakh. For Jews, the Torah is the most important part of their scriptures because it contains the rules that tutor Jews how to live their lives. These are the teachings that God gave to Moses on Mount Sinai during the Jews journey through the desert. They are summed up by ten rules, or commandments (see Musaph-Andriesse, R. G. From Torah to Kabbalah a prefatorial Introduction to the Writings of Judaism (Oxford University, 1998).

Alphabet of Lines

Alphabet of offices The Alphabet of Lines refers to the different styles of dividing lines used in drafting to fate different skylarks about an end that is drawn. There are eleven of import line types visible, confidential, center, dimension, extension, leader, section, cutting-plane, phantom, viewing plane and deflower. Each line has a definite process and line weight. The standard thick line weight varies from . 030 to . 038 of an inch whereas the standard thin line weight varies from . 015 to . 022 of an inch. Visible lines are dark and heavy lines. They exhibition the outline and shape of an object.They define features that can be seen in a particular view. Hidden lines are light, narrow, short, dashed lines. They show the outline of a feature that cannot be seen in a particular view. They are used to help clarify a feature but can be omitted if they clutter a drawing. Section lines are thin lines usually drawn at a 45 degree angle. They indicate the material that has been cut through in a sectional view. Center lines are thin lines consisting of long and short dashes. They show the center of holes, slots, paths of rotation and symmetrical objects. Dimension lines are dark, heavy lines.They show the length, width, and bloom of the features of an object. They are terminated with arrowheads at the end. Extension lines are used to show the starting and stopping points of a dimension. There should be at least a 1/16 space between the object and the extension line. Leader lines are thin lines used to show the dimension of a feature or a note that is too large to be placed beside the feature itself. Cutting plane lines are thick broken lines that terminate with short 90 degree arrowheads. They show where a part is mentally cut in one-half to better see the interior detail.Break lines are used to break out sections for clarity or for shortening a part. There are three types of break lines with different line weights. These are short breaks, long breaks and cylindrical breaks. Short break lines are thick wavy lines used to break the edge or surface of a part for clarity of a hidden surface. Long break lines are long, thin lines used to show that the middle section of an object has been removed so it can be drawn on a smaller piece of paper. Cylindrical break lines are thin lines used to show round split that are broken in half to better clarify the print or to reduce the length of the object.Phantom lines are thin lines made up of long dashes alternating with pairs of short dashes. Their habit is to show the alternate position of moving parts, relationship of parts that fit together and repeated detail. They can show where a part is moving to and from. They extend the confusion of thinking there may be two parts instead of just one. They withal show how two or much parts go together without having to draw and dimension all. They show repeated details of an object and hence, provide efficiency and less chance of drafter error. Reference An Alphabet of Lines. (2003). Retrieved July 21, 2011, from http//www. wisc-online. com/objects/ ViewObject. aspx? ID=mtl17903 Line Weights Line weights, or the varying line thicknesses used in engineering drawing, are essential in creating a drawing that communicates effectively. Line weights are a vital part of conventional technical graphics language. They are embodied to the extent of being defined in national and international standards. Line types and line weights allow drawings to communicate information that would otherwise be very difficult to convey.For example hidden outlines, paths of motion, planes of symmetry, simulated outlines such as major and minor diameters of arse threads, dimensions and gibbousnesss, materials (hatching), and centers and imaginary intersections. Conventional practice is that only two different line weights be used on any one drawing. This is subject to discretion and round disciplines regularly use three, and occasionally four, dif ferent line weights. Consistency and clarity of communication are the deciding factors. Continuous thick lines range from 0. 35-0. 50 mm and are used for visible outlines, existing features, cut edges and general line work.Continuous medium lines are 0. 25-0. 35 mm and used when another direct of line weight would assist the delineation e. g. internal line work, notes. Continuous thin lines vary from 0. 18 to 0. 25 mm. They are applied in fictitious outlines, imaginary intersections and juts, hatching, dimensions and break lines. Dashed thick lines are 0. 35-0. 50 mm while dashed thin lines are 0. 18-0. 25 mm. They are used in hidden outlines and edges. stove thick lines are0. 35-0. 50 mm and they indicate special surface requirements or sometimes with a text component to indicate pipelines and services.Chain thin lines, 0. 18-0. 25 mm, are for center lines, motion paths and indication of repeated detail. Engineering drawings made on A4, A3 and A2-sized pages are at the smallest end of the range of scroll sizes that would reasonably be used. The appropriate pen group is from the fine end of the scale 0. 18, 0. 25 and 0. 35mm pen widths. Reference Line Weight. (n. d). Retrieved July 21, 2011, from http//www. cadinfo. net/intellicad/ line-weight Orthographic draft copy Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions.It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane. It is further divided into multiview orthographic projections and axonometric projections. A lens providing an orthographic projection is known as an (object-space) telecentric lens. The term orthographic is also sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is also parallel with the projection plane, as in multiview orthographic projections. With multiview orthographic projections, up to six pictures of an object a re produced, with each projection plane parallel to one of the coordinate xes of the object. The views are positioned relative to each other according to both of two schemes first-angle or third-angle projection. In each, the appearances of views may be thought of as being projected onto planes that form a 6-sided box around the object. Both first-angle and third-angle projections allow for in the same 6 views the difference between them is the arrangement of these views around the box. First-angle projection is as if the object were sitting on the paper and, from the face (front) view, it is rolled to the right to show the left side or rolled up to show its bottom.It is standard throughout Europe (excluding the UK) and Asia. First-angle projection used to be ordinary in the UK, and may still be seen on historical design drawings, but has now fallen into disuse in favor of third-angle projection. Third-angle is as if the object were a box to be unfolded. If we unfold the box so that the front view is in the center of the two arms, then the top view is to a higher place it, the bottom view is below it, the left view is to the left, and the right view is to the right. It is standard in the United Kingdom, USA, Canada, and Australia.A great deal of confusion has ensued in drafting rooms and engineering departments when drawings are transferred from one convention to another. On engineering drawings, the projection angle is denoted by an international symbol consisting of a truncate cone labeled FR for first-angle and US for third-angle. Axonometric projection is a type of parallel projection, more specifically a type of orthographic projection, used to cause a pictorial drawing of an object, where the object is rotated along one or more of its axes relative to the plane of projection.There are three main types of axonometric projection isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projection. Axonometric means to measure along axes. Axonometric projection shows an im age of an object as viewed from a skew direction in order to reveal more than one side in the same picture. Whereas the term orthographic is sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is parallel with the projection plane, in axonometric projection the plane or axis of the object is always drawn not parallel to the projection plane.With axonometric projections the scale of distant features is the same as for near features, such pictures will look distorted, as it is not how our eyes or photography work. This distortion is especially evident if the object to view is broadly speaking composed of rectangular features. Despite this limitation, axonometric projection can be useful for purposes of illustration. Reference Orthographic projection (n. d. ). In Wikipedia. Retrieved July 21, 2011, from http//en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/Orthographic_projection

My Desires for and Commitment to a College Education Essay

Thirteen years ago my father came to America with no money or information believing that he would surely make something of himself. With his very low command he received a job washing dishes at a eatery to put food on his plate and to pay for the one room apartment that he rented. After four years he was able to ingest me along with my brother, two sisters and my mother to come stay with him. With all of us together he had to bunk two jobs to support all of us and that rightfully was difficult for him. He soon was able to send my mother to a school for adults so she view a diploma and help out with the bills and barter for some new attire for us to wear.Once I saw first hand how hard it was for my parents to survive with their low education my one go for and commitment was focused on my college education and coming from a family with does not receive much income I recognize how important it would be to me to receive my education which is why I will strive to receive it. My si ster was also a big influence when I saw her graduate from FAMU with a bachelor-at-armss academic degree and now is the credit manager of sears. Watching how successful she has become I knew I could do the same by going through any impediments which may stand in my way. After receiving a bachelors I will also head for a masters to further open my education.As of right now I am currently employed as a student library for the Broward County Main library in Florida. I was hired because of my integrity, intellectual personality, and my commitment to the job. This job has given me the opportunity to save up some money for college to pay for some of the books and nurture costs. Having this job has made my commitment toward my education the more important to me, as well as giving me a better understanding of hard work and dedication. I now feel confident that I have gained valuable experience with my work however, I now that earning a bachelors degree will further enhance the skills I need to work in my field of business.Once in college I will take the courses of Business regime since Ihave always desired a career that requires innovation, educated risk, and foresight. I learned to respect these qualities from my father through his example I have learned firsthand the advantages and challenges of a person with a low education and a person with a high education -the reward to be gained and the measure commitment required. Having a degree in Business Administration would be a significant asset in my account just in pillowcase if I were to plan on working for a business which involved management, finance, or marketing. Upon my second year in college I plan to enroll in the track courses of Entrepreneurial Studies. These classes will teach me advanced business techniques and their successful implementation. In addition, academic entrepreneurial organization would be twain are both educational and enjoyable since I view these as an opportunity to meet students or teachers who share similar goals.

Human Rights

In measuring the extent to which the European regional nest to military personnel refines trade protection offers advantages over the joined Nations internationalist show up, the various mechanisms contained within both trunks must be compargond and analysed. An explanation of the various international treaties and the drafting of the European assemblage go away require several(prenominal) consideration in order to assess the over entirely effectiveness of the machinerys established to a lower place both systems for the protection of human rights. peculiar(prenominal) reference w bedfast be made to the right not to be subjected to excruciation or to inhuman or degrading preaching or penalty whos linguistic universal condemnation stems back to the impunity for horrific crimes against man committed during the start and Second World War thus prompting in 1945, the base formal recognition of the importance of protecting human rights in the international order through t he United Nations Charter and the Nuremberg Charter.The United Nations Charter sets out its purposes as promoting and encouraging respect for whole human rights and for native freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion and although the declarations are no more(prenominal) than aspirational, they support principles of acquaintance and individual freedoms that invite subsequently formed the content of specific rights treaties. distorted shape is received with strong universal condemnation, and although there is no absolute definition, its prohibition is exclamatory in several international legal instruments such(prenominal) as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (UDHR), the European Convention on Human Rights 1950 (ECHR), and the International compact car on Civil and Political Rights 1966 (ICCPR), each in similar language, providing that no one shall be subjected to squeeze or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmen t The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel cold-blooded or degrading Treatment gives a precise definition in phrase 1 and requires parties to take effective measures to prevent it in any territory on a lower floor its jurisdiction calling on all farmings to ensure that all acts of suffering are include offences under their domestic criminal virtues, including attempts and complicity as well as participation.Similar steps are taken within the European Convention of Human Rights which imposes an obligation on each Contracting Party to secure those rights are within their jurisdiction. However, at international direct, under the statutes of criminal tribunals, harassment seat only be prosecuted if it falls within the category of war crimes. In addition to this, the privation of effective enforcement mechanisms within some States undermines the effectiveness of the international human rights system.The International Court of Justice (ICJ) hears cases involving disputes between nation-states and Article 30 of the Convention provides that, any dispute between two State parties concerning its interpretation or covering which has not been possible to settle through negotiation or arbitration may be submitted to ICJ by one of the States. A failure of this allows for a strike to be submitted to the ICJ requesting that the Court apply measures requiring the Respondent to take all steps within its power to ensure the rules of international law will be the right way applied. The problem then lies in the fact that in order for the International Court of Justice to hear a case, the State parties to the dispute must get its jurisdiction. This is borne from the fact that International lawyers will agree that an international agreement is not legally binding unless(prenominal) the parties intend it to be and is thus more of an understanding or agreement between the States.This is considered a problem with enforcement at international level as rights cont ained in the Conventions need to be balanced with the States sovereignty. By contrast, where the United realm and other countries have incorporated the Human Rights Act 1998 within its judicial system, a natural consequence of this is that to an extent, they diminish and undermine the position of Parliament as an exclusive law giver for the UK providing that all domestic law is compatible with the rights contained within the Human Rights Act. Another fundament difference at regional level is where the Convention establishes its own machinery for the enforcement of these rights.Applications made base on a violation of Article 3 can be bought either by a segment state on behalf of an individual victim by another High Contracting Party, or by a member state bringing an finish against another state and allows for a more effective and immediate remedy at the domestic level as opposed to using the international machinery at Strasbourg. The latter is highlighted in Ireland v United Kin gdom where an application was brought by the Irish political relation in relation to the treatment of Irish nationals by the British authorities.The ECtHRs general approach on finding a violation of Article 3 relied on the concept that the burden of proof was borne not by one or other of the two Governments concerned, but mainly on the evidence of the ne hundred witnesses heard in, and on the medical reports relating to each case. base on the allegations against the UK, the Commission estimated that the five techniques administered by the police constituted a practice of inhuman and degrading treatment.In finding this, the Commission emphasised that ill treatment must attain a minimum level of severity if it is to fall within the scope of Article 3 and asserted that it depends on all the circumstances of the case, such as the duration of the treatment, its mental effects, and in some cases the sex, age and state of health of the victim. The scope of the Convention was extended so as to imply intention within its meaning in accordance with the UN Resolution.The approach is further laid down in Askoy v Turkeywhich concerned a Turkish national who had been subjected to a form of torture known as Palestine hanging which resulted in him losing the movement of his arms and hands. Due to the form of torture requiring the applier to be stripped naked with his hands tied behind his back, as well as cosmos strung up by his arms, the courts found that such an act would have required preparation and was therefore deliberately carried out. Damages, were awarded on behalf of the Turkish state. The methods adoptive under each case in their application under the law has imposed upon its members the Courts power to make judicial decisions that are enforceable on the offending State.Much of its success can be set(p) on the basis that each Contracting State is, in an economical sense, more equipped and politically empowered with the resources to adhere to the principles laid down within the Convention. This was the property in 2009 where Belgium instituted proceedings before the International Court of Justice against Senegal on the grounds that a dispute existed regarding Senegals compliance with its obligation to prosecute a suspect for acts of torture under the Convention. The main reason for non compliance rested on financial difficulties which prevented Senegal from organising a trial more important, on the grounds that crimes against humanity did not form part of Senegalese criminal law.Another advantage the European regional approach to human rights protection has over international law is its rights contained in Part I of the Convention. These rights identify a upshot of civil and political rights requiring protection from arbitrary and despotic governments amongst other important rights, such as the right to life. In this context, the individual holds a clearly defined right against the State in that the violation of that right can be tested in a court of law. So it is questionable whether international law is equipped to deal with individual rights of an economic and cultural nature, and in particular, where third generation rights are concerned.This is illustrate in the ICCPR Article 2(1) which states that Each Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure that all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognise in the Covenant, without distinction of any kind However, Article 2(1) of the ICESCR states that Every State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to take steps to the maximum of its available resources, with a view of achieving progressively the full realisation of the rights recognised in the present Covenant by all appropriate means So although the international approach provides a mechanism by which all States can agree universal standards of human rights, there exists in some States, a hierarchy of rights that are considered perhaps, less impo rtant than others, where importance on a particular right is establish on social, cultural and political factors. In further support of his view, it is suffice to rate that the right to freedom of religion and belief is accompanied by constraints of Article 5 in that such violations can lead to such things as imprisonment, torture and restrictions on freedom of belief and standoff.An important example is the Peoples Republic of Chinas one-child policy and forced abortions which has been seen as restrictions on not only freedom of religion and belief, but also the torture of detainees in Chinese detention centres and prisons. Although the policy was designed as a temporary measure, it portrays a clear violation of human rights derived out of political necessity to limit communist Chinas population growth. In the promotion and protection of human rights, the Committee against Torture (CAT) considers periodic reports from High Contracting States every four years and deals with both i nter-state complaints and individual complaints.Alongside this, the 2006 Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT) provides for the establishment of a system of regular visits undertaken by independent international and national bodies to places where people are deprived of their liberty, in order to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, to be overseen by a Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. In addition, the Human Rights Council requires its members to go through a periodic critique of their own human rights. This allows individual or group complaints to be examined for evidence of a pattern of human rights by the Sub-Commission Council on Prevention of Discrimination and protective cover of Minorities which are then referred to the Working Group on Situations.In accordance with General Assembly R esolution 60/251, Rapporteurs can undertake visits with the consent of the State concerned and report back to the Human Rights Council. In a late UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, the Rapporteurs findings highlighted the gap between Chinas obligations under five of the international human rights treaties and the reality on the ground. In particular, Dr Nowak pointed out the incentives for the police and security officials to obtain confessions through torture and the lack of independent, far and ready to hand(predicate) courts and prosecutors, as well as ambiguity of the domestic law regarding political crimes. The Rapporteur found that in all cases it observed, each victim had been convicted of a political crime, perhaps on the basis of information extracted by torture.On these facts, the Special Rapporteur appealed to the Government to release its victims, and added in their conclusions that considering the gravity of such findings, the international community must not waste f urther time and act immediately to pressure China to end all use of torture and bring justice to those responsible. The report included a set of 23 recommendations for China to act upon, as matter of urgency, in-order to abolish the use of torture. These included setting up mechanisms of investigation and prosecution of perpetrators of torture prevention through safeguards in the criminal law system ratification of international conventions and their carrying out the abolition of political crimes from domestic law the guaranteeing of freedom of speech, assembly, association and religion and the abolition of forced re-education in detention.The UN Commission on Human Rights referred all reports of its mechanisms to the newly established Human Rights Council for further consideration at its First Session in June 2006. In result, the General Assembly adopted resolutions aimed primarily at the principles contained in the Charter of the United Nations and the UDHR by re-emphasising, r eaffirming and re-acknowledging human rights However, despite the Rapporteur visits and attempts to disclose Chinas breaches, a United Nations review of Chinas human rights record highlighted the weakness of a new procedure that was supposed to be the chief improvement in the U. N. s reformed human rights system.In despite of this, China continues to in its pursuit of human rights violations as it was reported no soon after that China has a network of secret black jails for people who dare to complain about life under the Communist regime. Findings suggested up to 10,000 citizens a year are hauled off the streets, locked up and beaten in the makeshift prisons. By contrast, the European regional system has in place a mechanism whereby a Committee, established under the European Torture Convention 1987, visits detention centres in order to ascertain whether conditions contained within the Convention are being adhered to. This in itself places pressure on its member states to conform to the standards set by the ECHR while maintaining protective measures for individuals considered at risk.In this sense, the Convention adopts a preventative approach to the issue of torture, and in doing so, highlights the fact that where States are poorly monitored and enforced, countries face little or no penalty for failure to uphold human rights standards. On the contrary, where all else has failed under international measures and a government refuses to uphold the declaration and instead treats its members of its own society in a cruel or inhuman manner, the United Nations and has the power to authorise military action against that country in violation of the Declaration. Perhaps the first experiment of UN intervention is the Korean War where in 1950 the States called on the United Nations to use force to get the North Koreans out as they had ignored the Security Councils resolution of June 25th. This later resulted in U.S military intervention. The Korean War provides suffici ent evidence that when the U. N. Security Council threatens the use of force to enforce its resolutions, it can follow through. Although in reality, the Council has passed a significant number of resolutions over the years that have not been carried out which signifies reluctance by the Council to enforce a resolution in circumstances where intervention is necessary unless such enforcement carries with it a political dilemma. In support of this point is the use of force in Iraq where the UN enforced resolution 1441 through Baghdads failure to exempt itself of its alleged weapons of mass destruction.The Iraq situation raised a similar issue for the Council regarding Korea whereby they could either approve Bushs request to use force in Iraq based on American intelligence and on an American timetable, and risk being seen by other countries as complicit with the Bush administration, or defy the U. S. chairwoman and risk being considered irrelevant by the worlds largest military power. Chesterman, a senior associate at the International Peace Academy stated in response that, the issue of the U. N. s relevance comes up regularly, and every couple of years the United Nations faces a crises over its legitimacy citing debate over its roles in the Balkans, the disconnect War and Somalia.The protection and enforcement mechanisms employed by international law suggests that it is focussed primarily on regulating state behaviour, whereas European regional law has its objectives aimed in the movement towards protecting individuals from the state. And although international law has increasingly been elusive in identifying individual rights and holding individuals accountable, is still to an extent has in most cases been those who have been complex in political affairs. As mentioned earlier, states have a duty to investigate, prosecute or extradite individual perpetrators, and if they fail or are unwilling to do so, other states and international courts can step forward ins tead. In 1998, former Chilean President Augusto Pinochet was arrested in London following the request for extradite from Spain.The charges involved forms of torture committed during his term in office. In 2000, Hissene Habre, former president of Chad was indicted by the state prosecutor of Senegal for similar offences. That alike(p) year, a Belgian motor inn de premiere instance issued an international arrest warrant against Abdoulaye Y. Ndombasi, the then Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This was a direct application of the principle of universal jurisdiction which allows national courts to try cases of the gravest crimes against humanity, even if these crimes are not committed in the national territory and even if they are committed by government leaders of other states.However, the International Court of Justice found that the arrest warrant against Ndombasi failed to respect the immunity from criminal jurisdiction and the inviolability which he could e njoy under international law. The 2001 extradite of former naval officer Ricardo Cavallo highlights the first case in whereby as person can be accused of crimes committed on one country, be arrested in a second, and then extradited by a third. Where Europe is concerned, the Courts tend to delve deeper into the interpretation and application of the right to freedom from torture by distinguishing the terms torture, inhuman, degrading treatment and punishment separately.This has enabled the courts the discretion to apply the wording of Article 3 more widely. In particular, where there is the risk of a future violation of this right. Peers v Greece provides another example of the extent to which the Courts have laid down the importance of such treatment that falls below torture. In this case the applicant complained that he had been detained in cramped cell conditions with no ventilation and an open toilet. Although the Court held there to be no evidence of a positive intention to humil iate or debase the applicant, the fact that the state had taken no measures to improve the conditions amounted to a lack of respect for the applicant and was therefore a violation of Article 3.What is apparent between the two systems is the objective on the one hand by the international system, to act as a potential means of conflict resolution, and although to an extent Europe provides its own mechanisms for maintaining its state affairs, the system it has in place has greater level of cooperation which allows the emphasis to be placed specifically on individual rights. At the same time, although galore(postnominal) States have become party to the United Nations Convention against torture, there appears to be a lack of effective enforcement mechanisms in place within some States, which in turn violates the general obligations to punish crimes against international humanitarian law.And where the UN has, throughout the fifty years, in amend and reformed its treaties so as to bring t hose violators in breach of the declaration to justice, it has still, in many instances lacked the will or faced the veto, and as a result, murderous regimes enjoy impunity. The root of this lies perhaps, in the fact that the UN organises a legal institution by letting States decide by majority vote who does and who does not merit to be shame for human rights abuses, which in turn creates a political process in which political factors play a major role. Countries that are shamed tend to be both violators and politically vulnerable in multilateral settings. This is the case in particular where, although the UN and NATO is willing to go into Yugoslavia and launch air strikes in order to prevent violations of human rights, there are continuous reports of violations in China and by the Chinese upon its people.To conclude, it could be argued that that the UN is less likely to enforce human rights in countries that are permanent members, and where this could be the case, international law will potentially be the most influential source of law. In support of this view, recent reports have suggested that countries like China simply sidestepped censure by garnering enough support to block attempts by the U. S. or other Western nations to scrutinize their records. Meanwhile, Cuba and others complained that the U. S. was in addition powerful to face thorough examination. By contrast, European law has effective measures that ensure state supremacy is spread evenly throughout the system. At the same time, both international law and European law can be deemed as fundamentally Western as most international law is based on Western notions.On that note alone, and in measuring the extent to which the European regional approach to human rights protection offers advantages over the United Nations international approach, the overall effectiveness of both systems, if based entirely on their Western notions, combined with both political and economical factors, present a framewor k which is more compliant with the international laws on human rights, in particular where cases of torture are concerned. And with that being said, one fundamental advantage that exists within the regional system is that when compared to international law, Europe does not have to deal with the majority of the more vulnerable states that fall within the realms of international law.Human Rightsthe question of human rights has received a great deal of attention. Today, violation of human rights is seriously taken note of by international bodies and by champions of democracy. It is in this backdrop that most countries have set up their own independent National Human Rights Commissions. Human rights are those rights which are fundamental for living and for normal human existence. They are based on the concept that every man and woman, irrespective of caste, creed, colour, race and nationality is born with certain fundamental rights such as, right to live, speech, freedom, justice, etc.T hese rights are, therefore, enshrined in the constitution of the countries. In order, that these elementary rights are maintained and adhered to by the nations of the world, United Nations Organisation adopted a Charter of human rights soon after its formation. The Universal Declaration of Human rights which UN adopted on 10th Dec. 1948 enumerates some of these basic rights of man. These are rights to live, liberty and security of person, right to freedom of speech, judicial remedy, freedom of movement, right to take part in the governance of ones country, etc. The second types of rights are economic and social rights.These are the right to work, right to live with dignity, right to rest and leisure, right to education, equal pay for equal work, right to equality, etc. The problem of human rights is that people and countries have a different understanding of the term and its protection. In some counties political and civil rights are not given or guaranteed to all its citizens. In some other countries, economic and social rights are not enforced, Therefore, the basic idea behind stressing human rights is that all governments should try to maintain these fundamental rights and see that all types of discrimination in this respect are rooted out.Nevertheless, many types of discrimination and violation of human rights are seen in different parts of the world. It is true that racial discrimination known as Apartheid as existed in southernmost Africa formerly no longer exists in the world. Yet today, people are forced to flee their land of birth and forced to live in refugee camps under miserable conditions. Today minorities in many parts of the world have no political rights. The story of Ms. Suu Kyi Myanmar is a shining example in this respect. rigor to prisoners of war, unjust treatment of prisoners in jail, economic discrimination, casteism, rape, child labour, child prostitution, etc. are other forms of violation of human rights. Protection and maintenance o f human rights is a fundamental duty of every government. International organisations and watchdogs such as, UNO, International Human Rights Commission, etc. , can play a vital role in ensuring the implementation of these basic rights. Countries, particularly the democratic countries, must stand together in this respect and take necessary persuasive and even coercive actions, to see that these fundamental human rights are adhered to by people, organisations and countries all over the world.

Post Colonial Theory

Post Colonialism Theory To understand the post colonialism theory, I believe that we must first yield a apprise look at how we got here. In order to reach the post era, we first must walk through the challenges and lessons of those before us. How else would the history that we impart to instill us today be there, how else would we have the literature to educate us? Colonialism was all about the newer, bigger, better lands and though these lands had natives al call fory, they were besides another obstacle. They would befriend the natives and get them to teach them the delegacys of the land in order to live and survive cancelled the land. once they were self-sufficient, they would begin to try to conform the natives to their look of life as the proper way of life. They would teach them that they were living wrong and offensive lives and would eventually turn once morest the natives when they did not conform to their way of life. Therefore switching roles from the colonized to the colonizers. In switching the roles of bureau and showing their true colors and purpose for being there, they showed their true nature for possession and big business spell, for fear and hate.Throughout the texts that we have been studying, we go for this over ND over again in the way that these characters move in and take over. As we look at the way Galoshes was possessive of his people and his land, we see the way he did as he pleased. He was k instantaneouslyn to be two thirds god and a tyrant. (Manson 15) As in those who are the colonizers, he was feared and not necessarily respected. He oblige his wishes and commands on his people and rather than living for them he forced them into submission, such as claiming his birthright, the privilege of sleeping with their brides before the husbands were permitted. (Manson 15) as you see even now throughout the history books. It is a constant hunger for the power and desire of what is not ours that drives some. He lived this way f or some time thinking that he is content until the farmers son brings him news of Unkind who is living in the forest with the animals as one. This is something new and undiscovered to him, but still not enough to get him entirely worked up. Something untouched, something that he does not control or possess, so he sends the prostitute to see if he can disrupt it.It is in the continued thirst for power and possession that drives him to colonize in a way even Enkindles life in the ores. Galoshes is so bored, cold or immune to what he is doing that he forgot (Mason 17) that he has even done this and continues on with his life as he has done every day before that with no regard as to what impact he may have had on this mans life or history. The Tempest we see Prospers exiled on an island and living as the kingpin so to speak, but as we read on, it was not always that way.He was yet another example of the colonized becoming the colonizer. He came to the island as a humble exile, fleeing with his daughter Miranda after(prenominal) his brother Antonio had overcome him and moved his titles, lands and wealth to teach him a lesson. He befriended an island imp named Clinical who teaches them how to live on the island and in turn Miranda teaches him to speak. Prospers magically binds Clinical as a slave after he turns on him and holds his release over his head as a continual show of power.Where once he was liked healthy enough, he is now referred to as a villain by Miranda (Shakespeare act 1, scene 2), it is funny how the role are reversed when your usefulness has worn off and you no long hold the upper hand. The same ways Prospers holds Ariel, but he does not mind since he freed him from a much more evil master. Colonized and colonizers are switching roles and taking on roles of the others in this story. Everyone wants the power, yet no one knows how to share it because each feels that the other is less superior.As we look at the idea that both of these men Just want ed the possession of what they were after in the story, was that truly what they were after? Are we sure they were not after something else? An compose by the name of Edward Said argued that a literary text seldom conveys only one message (Baldwin/Quinn 10). Could it be that they were after friendship, after love, after revenge, after hatred, after immortality (whether it was to be remembered in name or to live on as a god), or was it Just to die where they came from?So allows explore these options a little bit more. If we look to Galoshes, in changing the steps of Enkindles life with the prostitute, Unkind comes into his own and discovers who he is as a man and not Just animal by opening his eyes to his sexual nature and not Just his annalistic primal nature. Unkind comes to the city and challenges Galoshes to a man to man battle, which shows the release of anger and hate within them. The anger and hate was battled out for so long that upon the end of the battle it says they were exhausted.It states that when they stood, He turned to Unkind who leaned against his bring up and looked into his eyes and saw himself in the other, Just as Unkind saw himself in Galoshes (Manson 24). If we look deeper into this quote from the book we see several things, we see love, we see friendship, and we could even see immortality of an everlasting soul mate. We see this love and friendship grow throughout the remainder of the story and most would say this is the main theme.They bunco together, fight together, they even defy the gods together and therefore Galoshes is forced to pay the ultimate price for his part in that with the life of his friend and soul mate. Galoshes refuses to let go of his friend and the love the shared by bringing him back and puts himself through untold pain and toil to try to find a way to do so. He says, l have been through grief , Even if there will be more of pain, and heat and cold, I will go on (Mason 57, 58). It is only when the serpent stea ls the plant and slithers away that he realizes he too must go back to whence he came.His search for immortality is lost. except is it? Is immortality everlasting life? Is it being known by name and story and being told over and over? Was his immortality the city that he had built and left bathroom as a legacy as we see him aspect over in the beginning and the ending of his tale? I think that is up to our interpretation. If we take the same look at the Tempest as we did with the story of Galoshes, what would we see? We would see the love that Prospers had for his daughter Miranda and his desire to protect her from harm as he did on the island every day in is teaching and daily lessons.We see the love that he shows to Ariel although he is under his power he is gentle toward him, where with Clinical, he is rough and hateful. Prospers is very smart and calculated about how he gets his revenge. He does well not to kill or harm anyone to achieve it and wants to have those who have wro nged him apologize. He even ensures the plan by involving his naive daughter and the love that she bears or will bear for Prince Ferdinand by having them married by the sacred beings. Once Prospers proved the treachery of Alonso, Antonio andSebastian that had been done to him those 12 years ago and the revenge had been played out, love won over. All he wanted was to have them to instruct them apologize and to be restored. This was not a tale of immortality, but again, not of one singular theme either. I suppose the argument that I could overhear here is that no matter how you look at these two amazing pieces of literature, there are so many different stories all wrapped up into one. It is much like our history, not matter what angle you are looking at it from, there is always someone that has another view on it or how it really appended, or something missed.I think, like postcolonial literature, there is much to be left to the imagination in how we interpret it. I believe that wha t the authors had in mind when they wrote these stories was to let the stories wander and to evolve to fit what would speak to the reader and not to be one track minded. The point of having an imagination is to use it and set it free, to be suitable to read these stories and to re-read them and find a different angle every time is the best part about it. I dont believe that we were meant to stick to one peculiar(prenominal) theme, but to explore them all.Maybe you are not the type to explore them all at once, but next time you are thumbing through the pages, try looking at these stories from the prospective of more than one. It broadens the story and opens the plot to even more beauty and wonder of possibilities.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE Essay

1. Who benefits from the political science policies to (a) push production of fermentation alcohol and (b) place tax barriers on seconds of earnings evicte? Who suffers as a result of these policies? ANS Benefiters in promoting production of ethanol-Corn producers. They get subsidies from the government and get a free means of marketing from the government. The government promotes consumption of ethanol, ethanol is produced out of lemon yellow, so indirect marketing for corn farmers that will get much demand out of policies that promote ethanol. -Ethanol sellers.-People all around the world. As to be seen in the direction of orbiculate warming, you can say that using ethanol is better. But using ethanol leads to increase food prices. So there is a negative and a positive side. -Businesses. If farmers get subsidies from the government they can lower their price. If farmers lower their price, the production to produce ethanol becomes cheaper thus making ethanol cheaper. Busin esses that use ethanol will have a cheaper price, reducing costs and increasing profits. -The Government. In a democratic corporation we argon seeing right now that a lot of people go green. When going green the government is trying to let you know that he cares about the world and he wants to make it better. It is a win win situation because there are no people in our opinion that are opposed in going green, but they are a lot of followers and possible followers that support an environmental friendly world. Benefiters in placing tariff barriers on imports of sugar cane -The Government. They get all the money out of these tariffs. Sufferers as a result of these policies-Countries that produce sugar for a living. Profit goes dramatically down when talking about a 25 to 50% import tariff. -Countries that set import tariffs for sugar. Countries that produce sugar can have put import tariffs themselves as protection against the country that has an import tariff on them. And countries t hat produce sugar can consider different possibilities when exporting their product to another country. They can acknowledge that it is not in their best interest to produce products to a land where import tariffs are so ridiculously high. They can see other possible solutions. 2.One estimate suggests that if food prices prink by one third, they will reduce living standards in rich countries by about 3 percent, but in actually poor ones by about 20 percent. According to the International Food Policy Research Institute, unless policies change, cereal prices will rise by 10 to 20 percent by 2015, and the expansion of bio-fuel production could reduce calorie intake by 2 to 8 percent by 2020 in many of the worlds poorest nations. Should rich countries do anything about this potential problem? If so,what? ANS Rich countries should not give any subsidies to the bio-fuel corn farmers.They should decrease import tariffs so that it can be cheaper for countries that produce sugar (and so t hey can make bio-fuel out of sugar) thus increasing the amount of sugar that countries can export. They should develop new ideas in how they can attack environmental changes through cost-effective ways. 3. The argument for giving subsidies to ethanol producers rests upon the assumption that ethanol results in lower CO2 emissions than gasoline and therefore benefits the environment. If we accept that global warming is a serious problem in itself, should we not be encouraging government to increase such subsidies? What are the arguments for and against doing so? On balance, what do you see is the best policy? ANS When the government started to subsidies farmers who grow crops. So they could turn them into bio fuels ( primarily corn and soy beans ). More farmers where now planting crops, because then they got subsidies from the government. Its also very good for the environment. But it also has a negative side. When more farmers where planting crops.There was an dramatic effect on th e demand for corn and soy beans. It increased very fast that in 2007 the U.S was responsible for half the global increase for the demand on crops. But when this happened the high tariffs where shutting out producers of the product sugar cane. So they could compete with the other products because the prices were so high. And thats very unfortunately because sugar cane is an more friendly environment material than crops and soy beans. I think the best policy is to reduce the high tariffs on the other products. Because the sugar cane is even more environment friendly. And isnt that what its all about, reducing the global warming effect. So I think they should drop the high tariffs and introduce the sugar cane.

Texting While Driving Satire

I text while driving. I try not to, but I do. And I know what youre conjectureing. I get it. You think Im careless. You think Im reckless. You think Im dangerous. You say Im an accident waiting to happen that Ill probably get killed one day that I might even kill you. I tell you now, I understand. only I dont care. I have places to be, text messages to send. At clock times Ive been brilliant, multitasking to perfection typing Brobdingnagian while making a bivalent lane change in Austin rush-hour traffic.Other times Ive swerved, or barely hit the brake in time, only to throw my phone in the backseat and tiller that same promise to never again send a text message while operating a vehicle. Okay, so I care. But scorn caring, Ive found that there isnt a scare, short of an accident, that will deter me from texting while driving. not even the law. And being that Id rather not die, or kill you, each in the name of an anecdotal text that just as well could have been typed while in par k, Ive since developed a set of rules.These rules, when followed, have been as fool-proof as directions for walking while chewing a piece of gum (excuse the triteness). I no longer swerve. Im no longer forced to slam on my brakes. And for the past eight months, my Texting While Driving Protocol has saved both our lives. Rule 1 Predict the Future. Know how the thoroughfare will unfold as you divert your attention to your phone. As 10 and 2 drivers, were already required to ring the actions of and be accountable for all objects in and around our path (i. e cars, pedestrians, cyclists, animals).Compare and Contrast Driving in the Winter and Driving in the SummerWere regular clairvoyants. And sure, we have laws which aid us in predicting those intended actions of others, but that only unless supports my next point It is not required that our senses be entirely engaged at all times for us to trust while on the road that to look away from the road for x amount of time, as long as a dri ver can account for all future events that whitethorn unfold within the distance travelled during x, is no less safe than looking both ways before one walks across a street, which similarly requires a level of anticipation.Rule 2 Reestablish your whereabouts after each written word. This means you must LOOK UP after each word you type, and predict 2-3 more seconds of future before typing your next word. Rule 3 Use shorthand. Yes, shorthand. The same shorthand that has been slowly killing language since mans invention of time and his subsequent inventions to save it. But this lax variation of language will keep you in the 2-3 seconds per word range. And I know, youre a writer with high grammatical standards. You punctuate all of your texts. How dare I suggest you replace tonight with 2nite?Just remember Life Language. Rule 4 Hold your phone as close to the top of the steering wheel as possible. This will allow for greater access to your peripheral vision, and may help you catch an y unforetold objects. But not too high Unless the law is still on your side. Rule 5 Do NOT text while making a turn. Not only is it tougher to sense the position of your vehicle in its designated lane, but you also lose any advantage gained by holding your phone in its peripheral position. With these rules in mind, I guarantee that you will be a better driver.

Civil Liberties & Civil Rights Essay

civil Liberties & Civil Rights1. The article in the de commoveion Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress. 1. The Free Exercise article is the accompanying clause with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the joined States Constitution.2. The Fourth Amendment to the get evend States Constitution is the part of the Bill of Rights which guards against ill-judged assayes and seizures, along with requiring any instance to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.3. The fifth Amendment stirs that a soulfulness can be tried for a serious national crime simply(prenominal) if he or she has been indicted (charged, accuse of that crime) by a grand jury. No one may be subjected to double jeopardy that is, tried twice for the same crime. All individuals argon hold deared against self-incrimination no mortal can be legally compelled to answer any question in any politicsal work if that answer could lead to that persons prosecution. The 5th Amendments ascribable Process Clause prohibits unfair, imperious actions by the Federal Government.4. The sextetteth Amendment to the fall in States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that bunchs forth rights related to criminal prosecutions. The imperious Court has applied the protections of this amendment to the states through the Due Process Clause of the fourteenth Amendment.5. The 8th Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights (ratified 1789) prohibiting the federal government from imposing extravagant bail, excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishments, including torture.6. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution each contain a Due Process Clause. Due process deals with the administration of justice and thus the Due Process Clause acts as a safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the Government outdoor(a) the sanction of virtue7 . The 14th amendment is a very important amendment that defines what it means to be a US citizen and protects certain rights of the volume. There are three important clauses in the 14th amendment Citizenship Clause the citizenship clause gives individual born in the United States, however especially at that time, African the Statesns the right to citizenship. Due Process Clause the due process clause protects the 1st amendment rights of the people and prevents those rights from being taken away by any government without due process. affect Protection Clause This part of the fourteenth amendment states that on that point may be no discrimination against them by the law.8. The incorporation of the Bill of Rights (or incorporation for short) is the process by which American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states.9. Prior hiatusraint (also referred to as prior censorship or pre- commonplaceation censorship) is c ensorship imposed, usually by a government, on expression before the expression actually takes place. An alternative is to allow the expression to take place and to take appropriate action afterward, if the expression is found to fumble the law, regulations, or other(a) rules.10. Symbolic speech is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those screening it. Symbolic speech is recognized as being protected chthonian the First Amendment as a form of speech, but this is not expressly written as such in the document.11. In United States criminal law, probable cause is the standard by which an officer or agent of the law has the railway yard to make an arrest, to conduct a personal or property search, or to obtain a warrant for arrest, etc. when criminal charges are being considered.12. The exclusionary rule is a legal principle in the United States, under inbuilt law, which holds that essay collected or analyzed in violation of the defendants constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law.13. about of the things you can do in the real world you cannot do in school.14. The American Civil Liberties nub (ACLU) is a nonpartisan non-profit organization whose state mission is to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States. In the years following World warfare I, America was gripped by the fear that the Communist Revolution that had taken place in Russia would spread to the United States. As is often the case when fear outweighs rational debate, civil liberties paid the price. In November 1919 and January 1920, in what notoriously became known as the Palmer Raids, Attorney General Mitchell Palmer began rounding up and deporting so-called radicals. Thousands of people were arrested without warrants and without regard to constitutional protections against unlawful search and seizure. Those arrested were brutally directed and held in horrible conditions.15.A wharf owner sued the city of Baltimore for economic loss occasioned by the citys diversion of streams, which lowered the water level round his wharves. He claimed that the city took his property without just compensation in violation of the Fifth Amendment. Gideon is a water parting case in United States dogmatic Court history. In the case, the independent Court unanimously control that state courts are required under the Fourteenth Amendment to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys, ext goal the identical requirement made on the federal government under the Sixth Amendment The autocratic Court closing in Miranda v. Arizona required (for the first time) that mortal accused of a crime be informed of his or her constitutional rights prior to interrogation. This protected th e rights of the accused, or the defendant, in two new ways1) It educated the person about relevant constitutional rights and 2) It hold in law enforcement officials from infringing those rights by applying the Exclusionary Rule to any testimony/incriminating statements the defendant made unless he purposely waived his rights. State Courts are held to the same standard as Federal Courts when evidence is obtained without the use of a search warrant, ensuring material obtained without a legitimate search warrant or probable cause cannot be used to prosecute a defendant in any court. This was an important application of the Bill of Rights to criminal procedure. Gitlow v. late York was a decision by the United States Supreme Court decided on June 8, 1925, which ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution had extended the reach of certain limitations on federal government authority set forth in the First Amendmentspecifically the provisions protecting freedom o f speech and freedom of the pressto the governments of the individual states.16. The U.S Constitution safeguards the rights of Americans to privacy and personal autonomy. Although the Constitution does not explicitly provide for such rights, the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the Constitution protect these rights, specifically in the areas of marriage, procreation, abortion, private consensual homosexual activity, and medical treatment. State and federal laws may limit some of these rights to privacy, as long as the restrictions meet tests that the Supreme Court has set forth, each involving a balancing of an individuals right to privacy against the states compelling interests. Such compelling interests include protecting universe morality and the health of its citizens and better the quality of life. In Griswold v. computed tomography, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), the State of Connecticut convicted two persons as accessories for giving a married couple information on and a prescripti on for a birth-control device. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions and found the Connecticut law to be unconstitutional because it violated a right to privacy in the marital relation.Civil Rights1. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were important to the Civil Rights Movement.2. Its Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people within its jurisdiction. This clause was the basis for chocolate-brown v. jump on of Education (1954), the Supreme Court decision which precipitated the dismantling of racial segregation in United States reading, and for beating-reed instrument v. Reed (1971), where the Supreme Court struck down a law found on sex activity (with no rational relationship to a state objective) the first such application based on sex.3. Legislation frequently involves making classifications that either advantage or disadvantage one pigeonholing of persons, but not another. States allow 20-year-olds to drive, but dont let 12-year-olds drive. Indigent single parents bid government financial aid that is denied to millionaires. Obviously, the Equal Protection Clause cannot mean that government is obligated to treat all persons exactly the sameonly, at most, that it is obligated to treat people the same if they are as well circumstanced. Over recent decades, the Supreme Court has developed a three-tiered approach to analysis under the Equal Protection Clause.4.There were 3 thing said that day that would chage the way people looked at striverry -The court said that dread Scott had no right to sue because the framers of the Constitution (founding fathers) didnt intend for blacks to be treated like citizens. Congress had no right/authority to take away a persons property. (Slaves often thought of as property) An if slaves were property the federal government could not restrict the slave master from bringing an housing the on federal land that been off limits to slave o wners. The Missouri compromise was unconstitutional . The Plessy case does not impact society . It was overturned by Brown vs. Board of education in 1954. However, as a contributor commenting on this post, I moldiness say that it led to pass on dispute over civil rights which eventually led to the Supreme Court reconsidering their decision in Brown v. Board of education and eventually overturning it. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and etiolate students unconstitutional.U.S. was an important United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools. After a first trial going to the Board of Education, the Court held that busing was an appropriate remedy for the occupation of racial imbalance in schools, even when the imbalance resulted from the selection of students based on geographic law of proximi ty to the school quite a than from deliberate assignment based on race.5. They deliberated for a year, at which point they trim downd a second ruling, Brown II, which avoided specifying what sort of racial balance might constitute compliance. Brown II stated that desegregation should be carried out with all deliberate speed.6. De jure (Latin for from the law) segregation is the separation of people on the basis of race as required by by law. For example, after the Civil War and the ending of slavery by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution (1865), the governments of the former slave states found new ways to appropriate against black Americans.They enacted laws to require separate public facilities for blacks and whites. Blacks were required, for example, to attend separate schools, to use separate public rest rooms, and to use separate public drinking fountains. The separate facilities for blacks were supposed to be equal to the facilities provided for whites. This separate but equal doctrine was endorsed by the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). In reality, however, the facilities for black people were rarely, if ever, equal in quality to those provided for whites.Racial separation that exists as a matter of custom rather than as a legal requirement is known as de facto (Latin for in fact) segregation. For example, one similarity may include only white families, and another nearby neighborhood may include only black families. However, this racial segregation may have developed informally in response to brotherly and economic factors, not as a requirement of the law. De jure segregation has been declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Brown v. Board of Education (1954) the Court ruled against de jure racial segregation in public schools. In subsequent cases the Court outlawed racial discrimination in other areas of public life. In 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which outlawed de jure segregation.7. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 enacted July 2, 1964 is a landmark piece of civil rights commandment in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and also women. It ended unsymmetrical application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the world(a) public known as public accommodations.8. The 1965 Voting Rights Act was a natural follow on to the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Ironically, the 1964 Act had resulted in an outbreak of violence in the South. White racists had launched a campaign against the victor that Martin Luther King had had in getting African Americans to register to vote. The violence reminded Johnson that more was needed if the civil rights issue was to be suitably reduced.9. The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or o ther types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964.10. White primaries were primary elections in the Southern States of the United States of America in which any non-White voter was prohibited from participating.11. Shaw v. Reno was a United States Supreme Court case argued on April 20, 1993. The ruling was significant in the area of redistricting and racial gerrymandering. The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause. On the other hand, bodies doing redistricting must be conscious of race to the extent that they must ensure compliance with the Voting Rights Act. The redistricting that occurred after the 2000 census was the first nationwide redistricting to apply the results of Shaw v. Reno.12. Korematsu v. United States was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitut ionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into incarceration camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.In a 6-3 decision, the Court sided with the government, ruling that the exclusion order was constitutional. Six of eight Roosevelt nominees sided with Roosevelt. The lone Republican nominee, Owen Roberts dissented. The opinion, written by Supreme Court justice Hugo Black, held that the need to protect against espionage outweighed Fred Korematsus individual rights, and the rights of Americans of Japanese descent. (The Court limited its decision to the validity of the exclusion orders, adding, The provisions of other orders requiring persons of Japanese ancestry to report to assembly centers and providing for the detention of such persons in assembly and relocation centers were separate, and their validity is not in issue in this proceeding.) During the case, Solicitor General Charles Fahy is alleged to have suppressed evidence by keeping from the Court a report from the Office of Naval Intelligence indicating that there was no evidence that Japanese Americans were acting as spies or sending signals to enemy submarines.

Aphrodite/Role of Women in Illiad Essay

Through unwrap the many annals of Greek mythology, thither control been many fascinating characters, ranging from the beginning of time with Gaia and Uranus, to their minorren, Cronus and his wife Rhea, through the Titanomachy, the war of the Titans versus the gods, and finally to their children, the Olympians themselves, and the traverse of the Silver Age. Of the twelve Olympic Deities, you have five idoldesses Hera, the queen of Olympus, Demeter, Goddess of the harvest, Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, Artemis, Goddess of the Hunt, and Athena, Goddess of Wisdom.While separately of them have their consume intriguing backstory, histories, and myths associated with them, there ar none more fascinating than Aphrodite, the goddess of have a go at it, dish aerial, and versed rapture herself. Her intrigue begins at her inception into the world of Greek Mythology. There atomic number 18 multiple accounts of how Aphrodite came into existence but the more or less widely recognized o ne came from Hesiods poem Theogony, on the origins and genealogies of the Greek Gods and Goddesses, in which very much of Greek mythology is derived from.As the myth goes, when Cronus castrated his father Uranus, Uranus tossed his amputated member into the Ocean, and from the resulting foam, out came Aphrodite, fully grown in all her beauty and splendor. It is verbalise that it is because of this lewd beginning that Aphrodite gained her erotic nature. Al about immediately after joining Olympus, Zeus concern quickly grew astir(predicate) a growing conflict between the Gods about who would be the one to believe Aphrodites hired hand in marriage.Acting quickly Zeus married her off to his male child Hephaestus, the God of smiths, crafters, and weavers, due to his anger towards Hera for throwing him off Olympus when he was born because of his innate unattractiveness. Aphrodite did not however take her unify vows very seriously and took part in quite a number of affairs. Her partn ers ranged from Gods to mortals to include Dionysus, Hermes, Poseidon, Nerites, Anchises, Butes, Phaon and Phaethon, but her twain main affairs were with, firstly Ares, the God of War, with whom she had numerous children with, mainly Eros (god of love), Phobos and Deimos (the embodi handst of fear and error), Anteros (god of love returned), as well as Himerus (personification of lust), and Harmonia (goddess of Harmony). Her second main affair was with a mortal name Adonis. She had to struggle with Persephone, Goddess of Spring for him, and the conflict got so heated, that Zeus believed he had to step in to resolve the issue. Jealous of Aphrodites love for him, it is said that Ares himself transformed into a bull and killed Adonis himself. What was blatantly open from the moment she walked out of the Ocean was that Aphrodites erotic nature and her command over love gave her immense originator and control.Love, organism one of the most basest of instincts, gave her a level of infl uence of the young-begetting(prenominal)s of the world that set her apart from the rest of the Olympians. It was said that whenever Aphrodite spoke, counterbalance Zeus listened1. While Aphrodite definitely has a loving side to her, it is by no substance her sole personality trait. Many a myth have visualized Aphrodite, not only as jealous and vain, but also deceitful, and at times downright ruthless. When it suited her, she was known to be unapologetically punic and malicious, and her sway over men was often potentially deadly.The bewitching male monarch she possessed over men very often led to their own destruction. To illustrate how deadly Aphrodite croup be, we need not grimace no further than the Judgment of capital of France. The Judgment of Paris was when Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, came down to Earth, and with a certain influence from Eris, the God of discord, Paris was asked to choose the most pulchritudinous between the three of them. Aphrodite, with her place over men, was of course chosen. Paris was promised the most beautiful woman in the world, and as a result, an uncountable number of men bled for his choice in the Trojan War.To exemplify her vain, jealous nature, we look to the myth of Eros and mentality. Jealous of promontorys beauty, she send a plague to her homeland and said the only way to rid the land of plague is to cede Psyche. As soon as Eros laid eyes on her, he fell in love and saved her from the sacrifice and married her. Even though they were married, Eros would never let Psyche lay her eyes on him. One night to satisfy her (and her two sisters) curiosity, she snuck into his chambers and accidentally woke him. bitter and disobeyed, Eros fled.Driven by love, Psyche implored Aphrodite to give her an new(prenominal) chance, but with ulterior motives in mind, Aphrodite agreed. Psyche was forced to complete a series of nearly impossible tasks, culminating in Psyche having to go to the sin and retrieve a box of Persephone s beauty cream. Upon opening the box, Psyche fell into a coma, at which point at Zeus command, Eros brought Psyche up to Olympus and made her immortal. In regards to certain Olympians, the power and influence they possess and exert is apparent as the light of day.Two very evident examples are firstly Zeus, the king of the Gods, and Poseidon, the lord of the seas. With goddesses like Aphrodite, her power isnt always as expire. Instead of obvious supremacy over the physical realm, Aphrodite has command over mans more basic instincts. This in many ways, can be much more dangerous, and is abundantly clear when she seems to give immortal Gods a very bone-chilling mortal side. Topic 13) Discuss the role of women in the Iliad by Homer. Masculinity in ancient Greece was one of the most highly regarded character traits a human being could possess.Men in Greece were anticipate to be tough, cold, and exude power with not an over abundance of rules and a lot of wants and desires. Women on the other hand were, for the most part, to be treated and kept like slaves. Ladies were viewed as property by their male opposite numbers, and their function outside of the home were severely limited and confined to religious activities. Sardonically, this same plenty that revered Goddesses. Goddesses were to take part in the glory of war, and were able to abide by their own rules. That is the effort for Goddesses in the Odyssey by Homer.While most to all women are treated as second hand citizens, there are many different types of women portrayed in the Iliad. There are resolutely willed women, capable women, damsels in distress, evil and vengeful women, and women that could potentially bring about the downfall of the protagonist male hero. Among those there are also women who are shown as the spoils of war. The true irony is that while the story is predominantly about conflicts in the male dominated world, the cause and inspiration of these conflicts is usually the opposite sex its elf, women.The women in the Iliad can, for the most part be separated into several groups. In the first group, you have the women who are specifically portrayed as less than human and are more property than anything else. The most prominent example for this is the baptismal font of Briseis and Chryseis. While it may seem both characters are merely war values to be won by the opposing side, their impact is a little less obvious and a little more mercurial. neither of these two women have any sort of power (physical, political, magical, etc. ), however their breathtaking beauty but influences men to keep on going to war for them.When Apollo blighted the invading forces with a plague, cursed to harry the Greeks until Chryseis was give back to her Trojan father, Agamemnon proclaimed to Achilles that if he gives Chryseis back to the Trojans, he shall take Bryseis, Achilles war prize as his own. So angry Achilles was with his king, that he withdrew from battle and allowed the Greek fo rces at the mercy of the Trojans. This shows how great the power a womans beauty can behold, and how simple it is for them to take advantage of mans baser instincts.Helen of troy is another example of the sway that beauty has over the male gender. Because of her abduction and her complicit role with Paris and Troy against Menelaus and the Spartans, the Trojan war was sparked and both nations paid dearly as a result. Eventually though, it was made clear that she deeply regretted her decision to earmark for Troy and despised herself and Paris for allowing so many to die so that they could simply be together. Of all the female characters in the Iliad, none play more idealistic of a role than Andromache, Hectors wife.While she doesnt have multiple men killing each other over her, she no less plays an important role. Andromache can be described as the anti Helen. Hector is the one man in all of the Iliad who loves and adores his wife. She was his main motivation for defeating the Greeks , for he knew what would happen to her and his son should the Greeks claim victory over them. She is the perfect example of your ideal housewife. Her two goals are to raise their child and to keep her husband happy. The next group of women are those who would be described as having a much darker side.The ones who, for example, use their beauty and sexuality as a weapon. The most blatant character whos wicked of such action is Aphrodite, the goddess of sexual manipulation herself. Starting with the judgment of Paris, where she seduced Paris into choosing her as the most beautiful Goddess over Athena and Hera with the promise of giving him the most beautiful woman in the world. As a result, the Trojan War was started. The next woman that falls under this category is Calypso, the daughter of Titan Atlas.When Odysseus was water-washed up on her shore, she immediately fell in love with him. Calypso enchants Odysseus to and forces him to stay with her for the next septette years, in whi ch, by certain accounts, Calypso bore him three children, Latinus, Nausithous, and Nausinous. He was not able to leave until Hermes came to Calypso with a directive from Zeus to let him go free. These characters reinforce the stereotype that women have no physical power, but can very easily seduce men and manipulate them with their beauty and sexual nature.The final female character of significance in the Iliad is Athena. As the patron goddess to Odysseus, it is her duty to protect him and his family and pass him in the proper direction when he goes off course in life. Without her guidance, Odysseus son Telemachus would have most likely given up on his father and allowed Penelope, Odysseus wife to marry one of her suitors. Under the pretence of Mentes, the advise that Telemachus receives from her plays an incredibly significant role in his development as a man.On baksheesh of that, on multiple occasions, Athena saves Odysseus life from Poseidon, whom he angered with his arrogance after the victory at Troy. This benevolent role that she plays is reserved for specifically female goddesses. While mortal women are seen as weak, even the more evil ones, the female Goddesses boast being able to wield as much power as the males Gods. While most mortal women in the Iliad are stereotyped to a fault, there are still a small number, such as Andromache and Penelope, that give ancient Greek women a reason of dignity.The goddesses story is something else entirely. While mortal women are stuck as mere housewives, the goddesses are viewed as equals from the male counterparts. It can be argued that the power that goddesses like Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite wield matches that of Poseidon and Hades. The respect that goddesses command can be seen when Athena had the urban center of Athens named after her over Poseidon. However. overcoming that lay before him and with much help needed from certain plurality around him, Odysseus finally made it home.