Lower And Higher Cognitive Processes

Lower And high Cognitive ProcessesIn cognitive psychology, refuse and higher(prenominal) cognitive appendagees be cognitive b aimes that governs the way different abilities, for example, sensing vigilance thinking chore solving, ar being used. However, each of the processes has their unique characteristics when applying the abilities. Lower cognitive process occurs in an automated manner with turn down level of intelligence spot higher cognitive process exercises mental activities voluntary with controlled aw beness. Nevertheless, this essay aspires to ask the differences of each process through the introspection and examples in order to tending us understand how different each process apprise be.The aim of Lower and Higher Cognitive Processes in Looking At ExperiencesOur flair lays twain truly important processes that govern different abilities, the higher and lower cognitive processes, in fact both processes pull in different characteristics that can be explic itly observed, succession higher cognitive process sire a more general, non-automatic, mediated computer storage, controlled awargonness and constructive thinking characteristic, whereas, lower cognitive process a more specific, involuntary automated and unconscious characteristic, thus, lower cognitive processes are instructed and turn by higher cognitive processes, (Kalyuga, 2009 Fernyhough, 1996). Nevertheless Stuart-Hamilton (1995) analysed that both lower and higher cognitive processes are cerebrate processes as lower cognitive process is a simple and introductory process which governs basics task, for example, pattern recognition, thus, with the incorporated randomness from the lower cognitive process, the higher cognitive process is in charge of the collection of the information. At the same time, there are different levels of processes to process the received stimuli from the regeneration of analysing of sensory aspects to semantic and theoretical processing (Eysen ck, 1990).In my past black flag y auricula atriis, I have experienced quite a number of events which are unforgettable while some were memorable and some were regrets and if there is a chance to turn the clock screening to my young age, I pass on definitely transfigure how I think and how I decimate things. While advice was given from peers and matured people around me, I volition end up deciding what I deficiency the most and can what they have said when I was younger. Nevertheless, there were times where I pull up stakes prospect into these experiences and ask myself questions like wherefore do I want to do that and how did I manage to do it. When I was in principal(a) school, I hate to do assignments so almost everyday later school, I entrust hide my assignments somewhere, places where it cannot be seen, for example, under my bed, behind the unlifelike or mixing them with new(prenominal) books. When my mum comes back from work, I leave usu comp allowelyy say that there were no assignments for the day and I leave behind be allowed to play at the playground or with my toys. The following day, I will tell my instructor that I have forgotten to admit my assignments in order to get onward and if the teacher asked again just about the assignments, my answer will often be, I exhalation it and I hypocrisy go through it anywhere, but the fact is, it is hidden somewhere. However, every half a year, my parents will receive a phvirtuoso call from my teacher reflexion that I have not been hand up my assignments for the past some months and my mum will start searching my room. At my surprise, she is able to find most of the books and worksheets and I will be forced to finish all of them in atomic number 53 or dickens nights. This experience became a unvarying round of drinks for fewer years of my primary school days.Looking back at my lower cognitive process during my experience, what I want to do is just purely performing and because of t hat reason, I can even hid and inhabit to my teachers and parents about it so that I am free from any assignments. I presume that my brain has a certain perception about assignments which causes me to run away from it and what I want is just to play and jazz myself. agree to Margaret (2005), the utilization of perception is through receiving a stimuli by a persons senses while prior contendledge is retrieved to facilitate interpretation. Thus, perception involved physical items where principles and concepts are involved about the items and the outlines are being maintained by memory (Hamlyn 1994). Nonetheless, the features of both the stimuli and the prior knowledge are deepend by perception (Margaret, 2005). Symbolic activity is also a classification of percetion as a symbol represents something other than itself, in my case, assignments symbolises boredom (Sekular Blake, 1994). Perception is an active process as the perceiver needs to execute certain actions to perceive wit h the conduct being steered by the process which motivates a higher level of activity, for example, when I receive my assignments, I will either choose to do it or hid it somewhere and not do it (Sekular Blake, 1994). This gave me an idea of why I will dislike studying so much and even though my parents know about what happened numerous times, I will still continue to do hide my assignments and run away from it.I start to look into the higher cognitive process about how it think during my experience for example, why will I choose to hid my assignments and what do me to have this thought in my mind, why do I hate studying and doing assignments so much and enjoy playing much more, why did I not think that my teacher will call my parents to inform them about the situation. According to Ruggiero (1998), thinking is agreeable our minds whilst being in charge of its activity and it is a process that processs us to find an answer to a question, to come to a conclusion and to chance up on, however, consciousness is not often required to appear during the process of thinking. Making decisions and forming beliefs are part of the thinking where it helps us to eliminate our uncertainties while decision make helps us to reach our goals and our beliefs will determine the actions that are beneficial for us to reach the goal as belief allow us to cerebrate very robustly about something which we determine that it is the truth (Baron, 2008). So for my experience, my belief has caused me to believe that assignments are boring and hiding it was the action that beneficial in order to escape from it.Resistance to change and stereotyping are two things that are in the thinking processes which are very subtle. According to Ruggiero (1998), resistance to change tends to ignore new concepts or procedures in seeing and doing things even before testing them fairly, thus, one of the reasons is laziness. Indeed, advice and even punishments were given to me but because of laziness i n me, I ignored and continued my old ways. Whereas for stereotyping, generalization of concepts, locations and people, it creates a levelheaded environment for presorted, predetermined, prejudged ideas as each has a compartment for storage with no creative thinker being placed on (Ruggiero, 1998). Maybe my brain has already assort assignments as boring when I was in school which made it steadfastly to change my way of thinking.Due to my laziness, I end up mark very badly for my Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) and I got into Normal Technical. When I was holding on to my result slip, I was very upset, angry with myself and I really regretted for not studying hard. My family will on a regular basis have lunch with my parents friends on Sundays and I will naturally digest my watchfulness on what they talking about and also listening and playing with the other squirtren. However, they will often talk about their childrens study and their results, so when I taste anythi ng about study I will richly focus on what they were saying while ignoring others. And when it was about the PSLE and what school their child got in, I felt very embarrass, I felt that I let my parents down and I caused them to feel embarrass when they talk about me so I will walk away and do something else. During this period, I loss my assertion is doing things and I had a low self-esteem which caused me to think that I am not as smart as anyone around me. barely as the time goes by and I grew former(a), I start to learn to cope with my own thoughts and not resolve myself on who I am accord to how smart I am donnishally and understanding that I am good with other things. I was even determined to do my O levels and send overseas for two years to complete coupled Kingdoms General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and I scored fairly well.I was surprise on how I can divide my worry to focussed to what the adults were talking while I play with other kids and when I he ar about PSLE results, I am able to focus on what the adults have to say and unconsciously ignoring any other messages around the environment. I believe that it is caused by the sensitivity level about the topic which causes the division of my attention and what I choose to focus on. According to Johnson and Proctor (2004), the function of attention helps us to be aware and conscious towards presented messages or objects and also choosing the actions according to the messages or objects. According to Margaret (2005), divided attention is one of the processes of attention which helped us react appropriately to each thing while paying attention concurrently to a few things at the same time, for example, watching telecasting and understanding what is going on while having dinner and knowing what nourishment it is while putting into the mouth. Hence, divided attention uses the split-span technique which breaks two ripe messages into two short messages that the memory span can registe r the information without rehearsing into the individual ears (Johnson Proctor, 2004). While discriminating attention is another process which overlooks the other messages while focusing on just one message and selective attention apply dichotic listening, a technique which the individual side of the ear receive two different type of messages (Johnson Proctor, 2004). Through reading these, it made me understand how I can focus on a few conversations at the same time and suddenly when the topic is on studies, I will focus on that conversation while ignoring the others.I look at the higher cognitive process in my experience, I tested to solve the problem from being unable to study and having low confidence to picking up myself and trying hard to study to scored during the GCSE. According Bransford and beer mug (1993), the problem solving process has been described as a cycle that contains different phases but it is not required to be arranged in sequence, the problem solver must 1) discover and be aware of the problem 2) mentally classify the problem 3) come out with a root word idea 4) information rearranging of the problem 5) solve the problem through recognition of information though the psychological and the physical 6) keep close utterance of the process 7) check for accuracy of the resolve that is brought up. There are two different classification of problems well-defined and weak (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). Well-defined problems are problems that yield a distinct direction towards finding the dissolvent for is one that is ground on the given information, for example, calculating the price for each person from a receipt with a friend while the amount is stated (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). However, ill-defined problems are problems that does not provides a distinct direction towards finding the solution and in order to make ill-defined problems observable, significant work of roll up of information is need, hence, it is possible to genera te a number of correct solutions from the generation of solutions by the ill-defined whereas well-defined problems can only generate one solution (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). In my experience, learning how to overcome my emotional thoughts and not judging myself, are ill-defined problems that I had to find a solution to them in order for me to start a fresh. Success problem solving requires one to be well-versed in the field of study of the particular subject or issue as well as being a fit thinker, however having only prior knowledge does not ensure that the solution will be found as the answers are usually strange and foreign to the problem solver, whereas thinking is required, in partnership with the prior knowledge, to help one to apply the known knowledge to the context of the problem (Ruggiero, 1998). Indeed, I gain success in starting fresh as a new person after I have grown older as I am able to think deeper and better and combine what I have learnt to solve the problem of me judging myself according to my academic level.In conclusion, the lower and higher cognitive process are two different cognitive processes which are linked processes that governs different things which helps us in daily activity like, thinking, perception, attention and problem solving. Through my introspection, I complete that my attention and perception which are part of the lower cognitive process, are both were exercised automatically and unconsciously occurring. However, when I looked into the higher cognitive process, I am required to exercise concrete thinking in order to come out with solutions to solve my problems and the think for ways to run away from my assignments as solutions and ideas will necessitate mental activity.