National Industrial Conference Board

This paper will present a short biography of Alan Greenspan and a discussion of his career as US Federal Reserve Chairman. The paper will look into the ways Greenspan improved the American economy. His policies were a subject of heated debate both inside the U.S. and internationally, therefore this paper will also provide a short account of various criticisms of Greenspan’s initiatives.Starting with a short biography of this exceptional public figure, Alan Greenspan was born in 1926, in New York City. From early teens he was fascinated by the world of music and therefore enrolled in the Juilliard School of dance, drama and music after his graduation from high school. However, he left the school to travel with Henry Jerome and His Orchestra and perform as a tenor, saxophone and clarinet player.It lasted for about a year, and in 1944 Greenspan enrolled in New York University’s school of commerce. He graduated from the school with a Master of Arts degree in 1950. At the sa me time, Alan started studying at Columbia University at the graduate level, yet he also began working at the National Industrial Conference Board, which caused him to discontinue his studies at Columbia University.The following year Greenspan met artist Joan Mitchell, and one more year after that they married, yet the marriage only lasted for ten months.In 1954, Greenspan established Townsend-Greenspan and company together with bond trader William Townsend. He was the Chairman and president of this economic consulting firm from 1954 to 1974. Starting in 1967, Greenspan stared engaging in politics. Under the Nixon administration, he was the director of domestic policy research. He refused an offer to work permanently in the administration, but went on advising Nixon informally, working simultaneously for the Townsend-Greenspan and company (InvestingValue, 2005).In the years 1974 to 1977, Greenspan was the Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, yet in 1977 he went back to the Townsend-Greenspan and company. The same year he received a Ph.D. degree from New York University.In the years 1981 to 1983, Greenspan held the position of the Chairman of the National Commission on Social Security Reform. He is often lauded for preventing the bankruptcy of the social security system while he was occupying that post (InvestingValue, 2005).In 1987, Greenspan was nominated the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and served as such for five consecutive terms.Townsend-Greenspan and company was closed, since Alan did not succeed in finding a buyer for it. Before Greenspan became the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, he served as a corporate director for Aluminum Company of America, Capital Cities/ABC, General Foods, J.P. Morgan & Co, Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Mobil Corporation; and The Pittston Company, as well as a Member of the Board of Trustees for the Rand Corporation, Director of the Institute for International Economics, Member o f the Board of Overseers, Hoover Institution and Vice Chairman and Trustee for the Economic Club of New York. In 1997, Greenspan married Andrea Mitchell, an NBC’s journalist, after twelve years of dating her.After his retirement from the Federal Reserve Board in 2006, he provides consulting services through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC (InvestingValue, 2005).As concerns Greenspan’s economic philosophy, he is known as a committed supporter of Objectivism. He made friends with novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand through Joan Mitchell, and he was significantly influenced by her views. He contributed articles to Objectivist newsletters and authored a number of essays for Rand's 1966 book ‘Capitalism: the Unknown Ideal’ (InvestingValue, 2005).

Epicureanism vs. stoicism

Epicureanism Vs. Stoicism Epicurus was a great philosopher that founded the Epicurean belief. He was born in 341 B. C. and met his demise in 270 B. C. He was an advocate for seeking out carnal desires; however, he also knew the significance of experiencing pain in life. Without suffering, people would Indefinitely take everything for granted. Epicurus had a following of people that he taught to live modestly, within their means, in communities filled with individuals that had pleasant demeanors. His philosophy presented valid options for dealing with emotional distress and the many difficulties ssociated with life.He concluded that happiness is equivalent to the â€Å"absence of pain†. The people that are without friends are not better off, according to Epicurus. Friendship is one of the many great Joys that make life worth living. He believed that happiness is a state of mind. (Bergsma) Epicureanism Is a philosophy that deals with the belief that fear is both unnecessary and irrational. Greeks were afraid of the gods and this Idea teaches that one should not live in fear. Fate is determined by the individual. If one plans out his or her life in the most virtuous way possible, they will ead fulfilling lives.Nothing should deserve cruelty. The fear of death was also a driving force behind this belief. (Strenger) Epicureanism Vs. Stoicism Epicureanism was founded in the third century B. C. in a time wherein the citizens of Greece were constantly searching for answers. This philosophy was able to provide a way that people could find happiness. It took on religious proportions. The followers of this belief lived in their own small town. This community had a school wherein the ideals of Epicureanism were taught. The founder of the school was made to lead odel life and was actually worshipped as If he was a god.Epicurus gave very detailed instructions on how to live this lifestyle in the way that he did. He warned against overindulging in luxurious things. Mat erial Items were not to have all of one's attention. He wanted people to be able to experience true happiness, which would not require fortune or the things that could come with It. (Bergsma) There are hedonistic characteristics that can be found in Epicureanism. Hedonism is defined as the pursuit of pleasure. Things, people. or experiences that can cause an Individual leasure or pain are what define morals.An individual lives his or her life based on what causes them Joy and the things that cause great displeasure. The afterlife Is not considered a factor. The dead are just that: dead. The dead cannot experience pain or pleasure. It makes it simple to believe that death should not be cause for fear. (Glannon) when the body Is sustained by simple joys and when the mind is void of fear, life becomes fulfilling. There are four primary truths found In Epicureanism: 1 . â€Å"Dont fear the gods. 2. Don't worry about death. 3. What Is good is easy to get. . What is terrible is easy to e ndure. (Bergsma) Epicurus believed that the gods did not concern themselves with the affairs of one else was going to give it to them. The gods did not listen to prayer, Epicurus argued, and it was pointless to expect things to change without any action from the particular individual. (Bergsma) Fear of death is a major cause of depression. Epicurus eliminated the need for this fear. He stated, â€Å"[Death] is relevant to neither the living nor the dead, since it does not affect the former and the latter do not exist. † (Bergsma) Epicureanism Vs. Stoicism Both Epicurus and Lucretius believed that an individual is a combination of a soul and a body.It is separate from the concept of dualism, wherein the body is viewed as being material and the soul is immaterial. In Epicureanism, both the body and the soul are believed to be substantial. Anything material can be corrupted. This argument makes both the soul and body mortal. â€Å"Death is defined as the separation and dissolut ion of soul-atoms from the body as they return to the vast reservoir of atomic material in the universe. † Epicurus argues that once the soul has exited the ody, it does not hold any power, which means that it would not be able to have feelings.Pain and pleasure are derivatives of the fusion of soul and body. Once this fusion has ceased, a person will not be able to feel anything. (Glannon) Lucretius, Epicurus' disciple, believed that the periods of time before an individual is born and after he or she dies are equivalent. In this â€Å"mirror-image† point-of-view, it is completely irrational to focus on what happens after death because you cannot feel pleasure or pain before life; likewise, after it. This argument reiterates the idea that one should not fear death. Glannon) Epicurus believed that people generally do not have their priorities in order.This is why he maintains that everyone is unhappy. Basic needs such as water, food, shelter, and protection are easily a ttainable and can provide pleasure if they are satisfied. Of course, fulfilling these needs will free everyone from pain as well. Epicurus urges everyone to remember that although things like food and water are necessary to live, it is unnecessary to purchase expensive foods (I. e. lobster or steak) or expensive bottled water (i. e. Evian or Fiji) when it is not necessary to do so. He also teaches that is unnecessary to lust for fame or riches.Wealth and excess is not significant to your happiness or health and therefore, should not be a high priority in life. If one places great emphasis on going beyond his or her means, it would create more problems and stress than it would provide pleasure. (Bergsma) Epicurus teaches that pain is only temporary. If one were to think about past pleasure and happiness, it will overcome whatever pain he or she is feeling. The mind will believe that it is not in pain any longer, which is plausible. (Bergsma) Living life without being hindered by irra tional fear is also an idea that Sigmund Freud believed in.Freud was always challenging his patients to let go of the part of their superego that is not fully developed. The ego continues to cling to its childlike state. Searching for friendship and love are important factors in facilitating growth. (Strenger) Around the same time that the Epicureanism belief was gaining popularity, high moral standards. Stoics believe that having virtue is the most significant trait to possess in order to lead a fulfilled life. One must not be controlled by their feelings and desires. Stoicism has three main characteristics: 1. Disconnecting yourself from your emotions. . Refraining from expressing your feelings. 3. Having control over your emotions. (WagstafO Logics, ethics, and metaphysics are also key principles in Stoicism. Logic deals with one's objective Judgment at a specific moment in time. Ethics deals with selfless actions. Metaphysics deals with willingly coming to terms with Epicureanis m Vs. Stoicism outside occurrences. Truth, Justice, temperance, and fortitude are the four virtues that Stoics put value in. (Robertson) Stoicism was used as a method of becoming fully immersed in life. It is considered to be extremely difficult.Apathy is not easily achieved, especially it a part of human nature to form emotional connections with other people, animals, and even inanimate objects. Stoics believe that people often mistake finding importance in things as being emotionally attached to them. One does not have to release all of their worries; however, the goal is to be able to not concern yourself with irrational troubles. Henry David Thoreau stated, â€Å"The mind can be profaned by the habit of attending to trivial things. † The brain is sacred and it is reproachable to not treat it as such.Furtak) Believers must not partake in activities that will cause them to stray from their virtuous path. Any negative influences must be carefully avoided. Purifying oneself a llows us to grow closer to God, according to Thoreau. Likewise, Stoics believe that you must relinquish power to the best parts of our souls. The pieces of the soul that are benevolent in nature should be made dominant. (Furtak) Epicureanism Vs. Stoicism Epicureanism, to me, is a completely understandable concept. It reminds me of the Chinese philosophy, The Tao. In the Tao, it speaks of disconnecting yourself from your houghts to ultimately achieve enlightenment.Likewise, Epicureanism is about getting rid of all of your irrational fears, doubts, and worries. It makes sense to me. Without worry or fear, there could be no pain. Nagging thoughts and lingering feelings could ultimately be our downfall. Isn't a depressed person Just someone that is consumed in their own thoughts? Stoicism is similar in that it wants you to separate yourself from your emotions. The idea is about being virtuous and true. I believe that it is a bit less attainable due to the fact that you cannot have emoti onal ttachment to anything or anyone.Humans are emotional by nature. I feel that it would be extremely difficult to go through life without friends or family that you can share your experiences with. Epicureanism values friendships. Citations Bergsma, Ad, Germaine Poot and Aart Liefbroer. â€Å"Happiness in the Garden of Epicurus. â€Å"Journal of Happiness Studies 9. 3 (2008): 397-423. Academic Search Journal of Speculative Philosophy 17. 2 (2003): 122-132. Academic Search Premier. Print. 20 Jan. 2012. Glannon, Walter. â€Å"Epicureanism and Death. † Monist 76. 2 (1993): 222. Academic Search Premier. Print. 18 Jan. 012. Robertson, Donald. Stoicism†A Lurking Presence. â€Å"CPJ: Counseling ; Psychotherapy Journal 16. 6 (2005): 35-40. Academic Search Premier. Print. 20 Jan. 2012. Strenger, Carlo. â€Å"Mild Epicureanism: Notes Toward the Definition of a Therapeutic Attitude. † American Journal of Psychotherapy 62. 2 (2008): 195-211. Academic Search Premier. Pri nt. 17 Jan. 2012. Wagstaff, Graham F. , and Andrea M. Rowledge. â€Å"Stoicism: Its Relation To Gender, Attitudes Toward Poverty, and Reactions to Emotive Material. † Journal of Social Psychology 135. 2 (1995): 181-184. Academic Search Premier. Print. 19 Jan. 2012.

Natural Health Through Natural Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Natural Health Through Natural Medicine - Essay Example Within minutes her ankle swelled up to the size of a basketball and she was in great pain. There was no hospital within miles , but their local guide brought a healer from the village nearby. The healer messaged Jessica's foot with some juniper oil for ten minutes, all the while mumbling a chant. At the end of ten minutes, when the healer asked her to get up and walk, Jessica was more astonished than everybody else to find that she could walk comfortably without pain. Within a day her foot was perfectly normal, and she could continue her trek to the Kedar ranges. The same injury would have cost Jessica much more time and money, besides causing her possible reaction to drugs if she had had recourse to Modern medicine. Natural medicine or Alternate medicine is the need of the hour rather than the impersonal, expensive, technology- dependant Modern medicine with its side effects.. Natural medicine is general term used for a range of unconventional medicines using natural substances and energy fields such as Reiki, Yoga, Homeopathy , Ayurveda, Chinese medicine and many others which assist the body to heal itself. Throughout history the art of healing has been practiced by all cultures. Plants and plant products have been used by the native American healers with great success. The Indian medicine system of Ayurveda, the traditional Chinese system of medicine, the Druids of Europe, all used plants and plant products effectively. Unlike the modern Western medicine or Allopathy which only treats the body, natural medicine systems treat the whole body, mind and the spirit .Natural medicine tries to restore the harmony in body, mind and spirit. The proponents of modern Western medicine say that modern medicine uses the latest in technology for the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. They say that X-rays, MRI, CT scan and other procedures are followed by the practitioners of modern medicine makes it more scientific. But it is a well known fact that even a simple headache is diagnosed only after a number of tests have been done. Even after that, the patient only experiences temporary relief as lot of pain killers and anti- inflammatory drugs are pumped into her. While it is a good thing for the hospitals and the pharmaceutical companies, the patient will be losing valuable time and money. The conventional doctor treats the condition, not the patient. All patients with headache are the same to him. Since he does not have enough time, he follows a set pattern and suggests the same set of tests whether they are required or not. He uses drugs which suppress the body's natural immune responses .Painkillers can be addictive a nd all modern medicines have side effects. The same condition is treated quite differently by a healer or a shaman. An acupuncturist would be using the body itself to heal itself, which would take a fraction of the time and money conventional medicine does. Modern medicine is all about evidence- based medicine. It does not accept anything without so called scientific evidence. But there is no real evidence to show that eye drops prevent loss of vision in patients of glaucoma, nor is there any evidence that cholesterol can be controlled by certain drugs. On the other hand, the Silva Mind Control method has shown that vision can be improved

Solution to Most of the Hardships Related to Monitoring European Research Paper

Solution to Most of the Hardships Related to Monitoring European Policy Formulation - Research Paper Example According to Delanty (1995, p. 125), the rights of a self-driven sovereign state does not require limiting the relationship within the trading blocs to operate freely. On this, he claims that nations are free to interact with other nations within a multinational state, without overlooking their relations. The facilitation may be achieved when the relationship between the parties involved, is mutual and no party intend to prejudice over the other, whatever the circumstance. Delanty (1995, p. 127) further claims if the condition is not taken seriously into consideration, political pressure is bound to develop, thus breaking the multinational states in question. Weiler (1999, p. 217) cites that it is the lack of defined nationalistic unity amongst member states that limits the prospects of EU economic, social, and political integration. There have been numerous efforts to forge an integrated European Union. The most vocal ones as seen by the European observers are, creating a common EU flag, citizenship, EU anthem, car number plates, Olympic Games, and history books. Most EU critiques argue that these are doomed to fail due to lack of national consciousness. The only binding factor is commonly shared public pooled money to be shared among the member states. He continues to argue that the EU is an idea by the European powerful nation, to coerce the less powerful nations within Europe to come together, but without full approval and endorsement, of the latter; making the whole process illegitimate and undemocratic (Weiler 1999, p. 278).

How Brands Win by Listening Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How Brands Win by Listening - Assignment Example The customers are well informed, and most of them are on the social media. Using the social media to sell the brand will not only upturn the company’s sales but will also enable the company to identify areas that need improvements. In this regards, the power of listening through social media stands out to be one of the effective marketing strategies in the 21st Century. How do marketing managers engage with the consumers and how brands can capitalize on the power of listening are important factors that every business should focus on as stated by Jeff. The power of social marketing on improving the brand is not just a theoretical aspect or rather a practical one. Jeff Bodzewsk gave several examples to highlight this point. However, the example of Nissan stands out to be a great example on the importance social marketing. Nissan had not been getting the best reviews on the social media regarding their brands. Their reaction was quite splendid. They took this positively, and they listened to consumers’ opinions and integrated them into improving their brand. The fact that they did that through social media is the outstanding fact. Since this presentation was released in 2010, several companies have engaged in a â€Å"listening strategy†. For example, Samsung has improved its brands tremendously by launching different kinds of brands of its smartphones. The power of social marketing has played a vital role in this process. That is; Samsung uses social media to determine tastes and preferences of its customers. Thereafter, it produces brands that satisfy those taste and preferences. Jeff Bodzewsk’s advice on the power of listening is an important business aspect that every business entity should implement. Companies such as General Motors Ltd should implement this strategy. This is because General Motors has not been active on social media. It is not enough to just start the conversation, but a firm should go

The Marketing Mix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Marketing Mix - Research Paper Example This paper will describe the four Ps in the marketing mix for Sun Chips by Pepsi Company. The product is one of the critical elements of the marketing mix. It places emphasis on the product design and how it meets the needs of the customers. With increasing competition in the business world, companies focus on unique product designs with features that appeal to the customers. The Pepsi Company has relied on innovation to make healthy products that are environmentally friendly as well. Moreover, the Sun Chips are unique because they are made from corn and wheat using the solar energy. The fact that the Sun Chips define a healthy snack available for many Americans makes it a preferred product by customers who are aware of their healthy eating needs. Notably, the Sun Chips pack its products in bags of a material that decomposes easily (Ferrell and Hartline 61). This exhibits the company’s commitment to environmental sustainability. Since Pepsi’s Sun Chips are as general foods, they are available in retail shops in different states. The availability of the product in close proximity to the customers is an advantage for the company. This is because customers in need of the product can purchase it at once at the nearest retailer shops. Moreover, customers can interact with the sales and the marketing team on the company’s website. However, this is convenient for wholesale buyers who need the product in bulk. The company owns its distribution channels, a factor that ensures that it has en evident control over the availability of its products in different stores (68). The Pepsi Company as relied on television advertising for a long time. However, it seems to be embracing technology by venturing into e-marketing as well as online promotions available at the company’s web site. This ensures that more people are aware of the company’s products a factor that is likely to increase sales. Effective promotion is of critical importance in an effort to

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND POLITICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND POLITICS - Essay Example Soviet Union was considered foreign enemy in much of Eastern Europe for a long time after the fall of communism. After all, the communist Soviet Union had invaded these countries and broken their people for decades. This disturbing image has changed over the past few years. The soviet leaders endeavored to secure their power primarily against forces at home, but also against the outside world, since ideology taught them that the outside world was aggressive and that it was their duty ultimately to defeat political forces away from their borders. Soviet Union is considered as the state which followed ideology for the formation of a society that free from the evils of capitalism. Principles of socialism and Marxism in Russia have contributed a comprehensive and mutually unswerving set of ideas which helps the nation to form its foreign policy. The concept of proletarian internationalism has played vital role in the process of making Russia’s foreign policy. Historical studies ha ve proved that Russia was considered as the foreign foe in much of European countries especially after the fall of Communism. Leninist ideologies of class struggle and war made the nation in to a land of anti- imperialists. Recent years a considerable number of far-right groups in post communist and socialist nations have considered President Putin’s authoritarian political infrastructure was a sufficient model and it paved the way for urging broad attitude towards Russia among the European countries. Analyzing the political and social history of Russia one can comprehend that Russian leaders and governments are failed to establish specific ideological base in their nation and the country have shifted its ideology. Different ideologies like Marxism, Socialism, and Leninism are played a vital role in the process of making Russia’s foreign policy. Numerous official administrative procedures have been involved in the understanding and effectuation of Soviet foreign polici es. The great crisis that suppressed Russia’s foreign relation is its defective national, building ideology. Authorities have followed their passiveness in making new ideologies and principles. It is clear that after the formation of the independent Russian Federation in 1991, Russia had reached the status of a Russian nation-state under the leader ship of Boris Yeltsin. But Yeltsin’s efforts to change Russia as a land of multiethnic and non -imperial state became collapsed because of an articulate ideology. The online article entitled Domestic Factors Driving Russia's Foreign Policy by Ariel Cohen states that; â€Å"For over a decade, the Russian authorities have failed to provide a coherent and modern nation-building ideology or to overcome Russia's nostalgia for its lost empire.† (Cohen 2007). Ideologies in that time have largely encouraged the concept of collective amnesia that promotes Russian nationalism among the people. As a result of this, majority of p eople from Russia have believed United States as an enemy and it caused a gradual deterioration in Russia’s international al relations. In other words Russian rulers were failed to consume nationalism as an ideology to blend state and society in a healthy way. Analyzing history researcher can comprehend the fact that the aggressive nationalism had influenced the Russian efforts to follow war as a tool of foreign policy. Reader can find the two instances in the history of

The 'American Splendor' Film By Pucini and Berman as Being Essay

The 'American Splendor' Film By Pucini and Berman as Being Successfully Adapted from Harvey Pekar's Comic Book - Essay Example Harvey points out for instance, relating to photography versus hand-drawn images, that the difference is fundamental between the two. The latter are manual creations, while the latter are machine creations, being photographs. Now Harvey says that in essence machines have limitations in terms of not being able to render what hands can image wise. Machines are constrained to render nature, and not the creations of hands (Harvey, 1996, p. 175). Lefevre on the other hand says the same thing, and adds that the photography in film implies movement, whereas in drawn images the default is that of static frames. This presents fundamental problems in rendering drawn images as photographed moving images (Lefevre, 2007). Hight essentially deflects those objections via a discussion on genres and treatment. classifies 'American Splendor' as a drama-documentary, and the work itself has its focus both the art of Harvey Pekar, as reflected in the comic which has an eponymous title, or has the same name as the author, as well as the comic itself. Drama-documentary implies realism and the use of the personal subjective perspective of the key character and of Pekar himself to render the comic series on film. In essence, with the use of the genre, the film is able to effectively render the static hand-drawn image unto film overcoming the objections of Lefevre and Harvey.... Drama-documentary implies realism and the use of the personal subjective perspective of the key character and of Pekar himself to render the comic series on film. In essence, with the use of the genre, the film is able to effectively render the static hand-drawn image unto film overcoming the objections of Lefevre and Harvey. The answer to the objections raised by Lefevre and Harvey, in other words, is the choice of the drama documentary and all that the genre implies in terms of filming technique and overall approach to film making, and Pekar's own vision of his art work as the rendering of images the same way that photographers take pictures realistically (Hight, 2007; Lefevre, 2007; Harvey, 1996). With regard to page layout for the comic and the image on one screen, Lefevre says that this is a problem because in comic books the reader dictates the pace and the images are at closer proximity to them. In film, the watcher has to move along in the pace dictated by the movie. The watc her is unable to leaf through pages like in comic books, linger on a page. The experience is not the same (Lefevre, 2007). Harvey says the same thing, that one page on a comic does not equate to several sequences in a film, or that there are difficulties in rendering unto the movie image, moving, a single comic page that can capture a series of movements or a meaningful snapshot of events (Harvey, 1996, p. 176). To this objection Hight basically says that the unique rendering of the film essentially means that the film is able to bridge the gap between the page layout of the film and the single image of the screen. To this he presents the case for the way the film makes use of a hybrid

Disputes settlement mechanisms Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15750 words

Disputes settlement mechanisms - Dissertation Example The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is significant in resolving international trade disputes.This Research work deals with the various Trade Dispute Settlement mechanisms adopted at the international level and concentrates upon their current status, with a special focus on the WTO mechanisms. The literature review analyses the effectiveness of the WTO trade dispute mechanism, in resolving international trade disputes. The main focus of this research pertains to the WTO dispute settlement mechanisms among nations. This sort of research is important in order to assess and analyse the various dispute settlement mechanisms available to member nations, involved in disputes.The research approach adopted in this dissertation is the qualitative method. The findings from this research suggest that the dispute settlement mechanism of WTO is ineffective. The main conclusions drawn from this work are; power imbalance among members and non – binding nature of the decisions are some of the i mportant reasons for ineffective dispute settlement mechanisms of WTO. The dispute resolution system is influenced by power imbalances between the disputants, and this requires to be corrected. A major drawback with this dispute resolution system is the protracted nature of the process. This causes untold damage to a developing country engaged in litigation with a developed country. It would be in the fitness of things to reduce this time to a minimum. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 Chapter 1 3 Introduction 3 Overview of the Dispute Settlement Understanding 10 Chapter II 17 Methodology 17 Introduction 17 Purpose of the Study 17 Research Questions 18 Statement of the Problem 18 Organisation of the Study 18 Research Methodology 19 Chapter III 21 Literature Review 21 Case Law 52 Chapter IV 56 Discussion and Analysis 56 Chapter V 61 Conclusions and Recommendations 61 References 66 Books 66 Journal Articles 67 Case law 68 Websites 68 Other Sources 71 International Trade Disputes Settlement Mechanisms Chapter 1 Introduction The World Trade Organisation (WTO) plays an important role in global trade. It resolves trade disputes and constitutes a forum for international trade negotiations. Furthermore, the WTO monitors international trade policies and regulates trade agreements between parties. Its secretariat is located in Geneva, Switzerland, and this organisation boasts of 153 nations as members, as on the 23rd of July 2008.1 WTO establishes a forum for trade related discussions and it supervises international trade policies and regulates trade agreements. Nearly a fourth of the disputes between the members of the WTO are settled by means of mediation and negotiation. In order to address situations, wherein mediation and negotiation prove to be futile, the WTO introduced the Dispute Settlement Mechanism.2 The Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) play an important role in international trade. This mechanism involves less time and expenditure, in comparison to the dispute se ttlement mechanism of GATT. 3 This principle was established under the Public International Law of the Charter of the United Nations.4 The RTAs do not permit a member to block the commencement of disputes, establishment of a panel or the adoption of a report by the panel. The drafters of the RTA had included the more important aspects of the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Understanding. Although this dispute settlement mechanism had a number of advantages, the parties were found to be unwilling to resort to this mechanism. Instead, they resorted to the procedure under the WTO, as it adopted previous decisions under the concept of stare decisis. The precedence system ensures certainty in the decision making process, and there is no such practice under the RTA system. Thus, the disputing parties exhibit a greater willingness to approach the WTO forum rather than that of the RTA.5 The disputing parties would prefer to have the option to appeal against the decision of the dispute resol ution mechanism. This facility is not available under the RTA mechanism. In addition,

Included in the description Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Included in the description - Research Proposal Example conflict is the family-to-work conflict where a person is not able to fulfill his work responsibilities due to family demands (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). However, in today’s competitive and fast paced world, the most dominant and common type of work-family conflict that is found in people’s life is the ‘work-to-family’ conflict. However, the aspect of work life that is playing a major role in causing work-family conflict is the â€Å"long work hours†. Long work hours are not only disrupting the fulfillment of family responsibilities, but are also posing a strong threat to the unity, bonding and peace between the family members by causing lack of family time, dissatisfaction in need fulfillment, emotional distress and poor role performance by working adults (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). To resolve the work-family conflict, it is highly important to understand how â€Å"long work hours† have become a major threat to the peace of the soci ety by affecting the family lives of professionals. Hence, the purpose of this research is to study and review the literature in the field of family psychology, industrial/organizational psychology and occupational psychology to explore the ways in which â€Å"long work hours† destroy the marriage lives and the family lives of the adults who work. The first and major types of work demands that causes the work-family conflict are the time based work demands (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). Working on weekends, night shifts and non-standard work schedules are the different time based demands that disrupt the family routines and family roles of the adults who work (Medalia & Jacobs, 2008, p.138). However, the type of time based work demand that proves most hazardous to the family life of a person is the â€Å"long work hours†. â€Å"Long work hours† have various negative effects on the life of a person who works and hence, harms the peace of the family in many ways. This research is intended to find out in what ways do long

Lifestyle Choices Essay Example for Free

Lifestyle Choices Essay The article â€Å"Lifestyle Choices† is a researched article that talks about the economy and how changes affect the people within it. The Starter research article contains informative information on daily lives about health care, in today’s modern society we go through various choices in life and different walks in situations weather it financial situations, family issues or even work related problems. This article shows how to outweigh the bad to good and exercise good habits to create a better lifestyle. This research goes back and covers the last thirty years dating back when technology was the grounds of being formed. Something’s I enjoy about life is the fact that grounds for technology were being formed when I as a baby had no knowledge or use of it, such as the children(s) today. Social class determines your lifestyle form of living; it’s the group you belong to based upon your financial situations. This is one research that cannot be control or determined you can be an upper class person or a lower class person and sometime due to the luck of a draw it can flip anytime. That’s what I like about the topic â€Å"Assessing Class† because their no way unless you have no improvements to access another class. What I learned from this article is that hasn’t shy away from any topics considering our lifestyle issues and situations. It clearly states the factors of social classes a great overview of information. This article very much fits into sociology as it apart of our daily lives which includes the study of human society and its origins, development, organizations, and institutions. The major findings come from the data or series of surveys that has been done over decades of study’s which mostly includes volunteers to complete most studies. Lifestyle studies can be best examined through ethnicity our race, age, and suburban areas of residency and sexual preferences. This information was supported and document by Michael Sobel (1983) which he states, acknowledges, and compares sociology to our daily lifestyle as a â€Å"Mode of living.† He also presents the concept of stylistic unity by which he means the patterns of behavior which constitute that lifestyle are empirically common; i.e., similar patterns are shared by a sufficient number of others, relative to all others. This article fits well with chapter 1 (Seeing Sociology in Everyday Life) under â€Å"Marginality and Crisis. I believe it fits here because it’s bringing the recipe for looking at the world’s society from a sociological perspective. What is used to reshape the economy and separate them though classes. The difference between this article that sets it apart from non-scholarly periodicals, such as newspaper and magazine is the fact that non-scholarly periodicals are mainly used to entertain. This journal has an abstract, a descriptive summary, and properly cited. Non-Scholarly are not completely from a known source it can be made up and the timing of the report can be inaccurate at times. They serve a different audience. What I find similar of the two is they can be found in the same place or setting it is up to the reader to select the one needed as far as common within there is none they are two completely different types of sources and everything must be documented or researched differently. From the introduction, word fonts to work cited they are done accordingly to source or audience. Work Cited: Research Starters – Sociology https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=rstAN=37219700site=ehost-livescope=site John J Macionis, Sociology, The thirteenth Edition, The Sociological Perspective, 2010, 2008, 2007 (Pg.5-6)

Critical Discourse Analysis, Organizational Discourse, and Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Critical Discourse Analysis, Organizational Discourse, and Organizational Change Essay Discourses is an element of all concrete social events (actions, processes) as well as of more durable social practices, though neither are simply discourse: they are articulations of discourse with non-discoursal elements. ‘Discourse’ subsumes language as well as other forms of semiosis such as visual images and ‘body language’, and the discoursal element of a social event often combines different semiotic forms (eg a television programme). But the use of the ‘term ‘discourse’ rather than ‘language’ is not purely or even primarily motivated by the diversity of forms of semiosis, it is primarily registers a relational way of seeing semiosis[i], as one element of social events and practices dialectically interconnected with other elements. The overriding objective of discourse analysis, on this view, is not simply analysis of discourse per se, but analysis of the dialectical relations between discourse and non-discoursal elements of the social, in order to reach a better understanding of these complex relations (including how changes in discourse can cause changes in other elements). But if we are to analyse relations between discourse and non-discoursal elements, we must obviously see them as ontologically (and not just epistemologically, analytically) different elements of the social. They are different, but they are not discrete – that is, they are dialectically related, in the sense that elements ‘internalize’ other elements, without being reducible to them (Harvey 1996, Chouliaraki Fairclough 1999, Fairclough 2003, Fairclough, Jessop Sayer 2004). A realist view of social life sees it as including social structures as well as social events – in critical realist terms, the ‘real’ (which defines and delimits what is possible) as well as the ‘actual’ (what actually happens). There is a general recognition that the relationship between structures and events must be a mediated relation, and I follow for instance Bhaskar (1986) and Bourdieu (Bourdieu Wacquant 1992) in regarding social practices as the mediating entities – more or less durable and stable articulations of diverse social elements including discourse which constitute social selections and orderings of the allowances of social structures as actualisable allowances in particular areas of social life in a certain time and place. Social fields, institutions and organizations can be regarded as networks of social practices. Networks of social practices include specifically discoursal selections and orderings (from languages and other semiotic systems, which are counted amongst social structures) which I call ‘orders of discourse’, appropriating but redefining Foucault’s term (Foucault 1984, Fairclough 1992). Orders of discourse are social structurings of linguistic/semiotic variation or difference. Realist discourse analysis on this view is based in a dialectical-relational social ontology which gives ontological priority to processes and relations over objects, entities, persons, organizations etc, yet sees the latter as socially produced ‘permanences’ (Harvey 1996) which constitute a pre-structured reality with which we are confronted, and sets of affordances and limitations on processes. Epistemological priority is given to neither pre-constructed social structures, practices, institutions, identities or organizations, nor to processes, actions, and events: the concern is with the relationship and tension between them. People with their capacities for agency are seen as socially produced, contingent and subject to change, yet real, and possessing real causal powers which, in their tension with the causal powers of social structures, are a focus for analysis. Social research proceeds through abstraction from the concrete events of social life aimed at understanding the pre-structured nature of social life, and returns to analysis of concrete events, actions and processes in the light of this abstract knowledge. Discourse and non-discoursal elements of social events and social practices are related in many ways. I distinguish three main ways: representing, acting (and interacting), and being. At the level of social practices, orders of discourse can be seen as articulations of specific ways of representing, acting, and being – ie specific discourses, genres and styles. A discourse is a particular way of representing certain parts or aspects of the (physical, social, psychological) world; a genre is a particular way of (inter)acting (which comprises the discoursal element of a way of inter)acting which will also necessarily comprise non-discoursal elements); a style is a way of being (the discoursal element of a way of being, an ‘identity’, which will also include non-discoursal elements). I shall use the term ‘text’[ii], in a generalized sense (not just written text but also spoken interaction, multi-semiotic televisual text etc) for the discoursal element of social events. Texts are doubly contextualized, first in their relation to other elements of social events, second in their relation to social practices, which is ‘internal’ to texts in the sense that they necessarily draw upon orders of discourse, ie social practices in their discoursal aspect, and the discourses, genres and styles associated with them. However, events (and therefore texts) are points of articulation and tension between two causal forces: social practices and, through their mediation, social structures; and the agency of the social actors who speak, write, compose, read, listen to, interpret them. The social ‘resource’ of discourses, genres and styles is subject to the transformative potential of social agency, so that texts do not simply instantiate discourses, genres and styles, they actively rework them, articulate them together in distinctive and potentially novel ways, hybridize them, transform them. My focus in this paper is on organizational change, and this version of CDA has indeed been developed in association with research on discourse in social change. Social change comprises change in social structures, social practices, the networking of social practices, and (the character of) social events; and change in languages and other semiotic systems, in orders of discourse and relations between orders of discourse, and in texts. With respect to orders of discourse, social change includes change in the social structuring of linguistic/semiotic variation, therefore change in discourses, genres and styles, and change in their articulation in orders of discourse, and change in relations between orders of discourse (eg political and media orders of discourse). With respect to texts, social change includes tendential change in how discourses, genres and styles are drawn upon and articulated/hybridized together in various types of text. The process of social change raises questions about causal relations between different elements. Causal relations are not simple or one-way. For instance, it would seem to make more sense to see new communication technologies (ICTs) as causing the emergence of new genres than vice-versa – changes in discourse caused by changes in non-discoursal elements. In other cases, change appears to be discourse-led. A pervasive contemporary process (for instance in processes of ‘transition’ in central and eastern Europe) is change initiated through the recontextualization[iii] in an organization, a social field, or a country of ‘external’ discourses, which may then be enacted in new ways of (inter)acting including new genres, inculcated as new ways of being including styles, and materialized in for example new ways of organizing space. These enactments, inculcations and materializations are dialectical processes. There is an important proviso however: these processes are contingent, they depend upon certain conditions of possibility. For instance, when a discourse is recontextualized, it enters a new field of social relations, and its trajectory within those social relations is decisive in determining whether or not it has (re)constructive effects on the organization, social field etc overall. In contexts of social change, different groups of social actors may develop different and conflicting strategies for change, which have a partially discursive character (narratives of the past, representations of the present, imaginaries for the future), and inclusion within a successful strategy is a condition for a discourse being dialectically enacted, inculcated and materialized in other social elements (Jessop 2002, Fairclough, Jessop Sayer 2004). Discourses construe aspects of the world in inherently selective and reductive ways, ‘translating’ and ‘condensing’ complex realities (Harvey 1996), and one always needs to ask, why this particular selection and reduction, why here, why now? (For a discussion of ‘globalisation’ discourse in these terms, see Fairclough Thomas forthcoming. Locating discourses in relation to strategies in contexts of social change enables us to connect particular representations of the world with particular interests and relations of power, as well assess their ideological import. Discourses do not emerge or become recontextualized in particular organizations or fields at random, and they do not stand in an arbitrary relation to social structures and practices, forms of institutionalization and organization. If we can construct explanations of change in non-discoursal elements of social reality which attribute causal effects to discourses, we can also construct explanations of change in discourses which attribute causal effects to (non-discoursal elements of) structures and practices, as well as social and strategic relations. The social construction of the social world may sometimes be a matter of changes in non-discoursal elements caused by discourses (through the concrete forms of texts), but discourses (and texts) are also causal effects, the dialectics of social change is not a one-way street. We can distinguish four elements, or moments, in the social trajectories of discourses: their emergence and constitution (through a re-articulation of existing elements); their entry into hegemonic struggles from which they may emerge as hegemonic discourses; their dissemination and recontextualization across structural and scalar boundaries (ie between one field or institution or organization and others, and between one scale (‘global’, macro-regional (eg the EU), national, local) and others; and their operationalization (enactment, inculcation, materialization). These are distinct moments with respect to the causal effects of discourses on non-discoursal (as well as discoursal, ie generic and stylistic) elements of social life, and they are all subject to non-discoursal as well as discoursal conditions. CDA claims that social research can be enriched by extending analysis of social processes and social change into detailed analysis of texts. More detailed (including linguistic) analysis of texts is connected to broader social analysis by way of (a) analysing texts as part of analysing social events, (b) interdiscursive analysis of shifting articulations of genres, discourses, styles in texts (Fairclough 2003). The latter locates the text as an element of a concrete event in its relationship to orders of discourse as the discoursal aspect of networks of social practices, and so allows the analyst to (a) assess the relationship and tension between the causal effects of agencies in the concrete event and the causal effects of (networks of) social practices, and through them of social structures (b) detect shifts in the relationship between orders of discourse and networks f social practices as these are registered in the interdiscursivity (mixing of genres, discourses, styles) of texts. Text can be seen as product and as process. Texts as products can be stored, retrieved, bought and sold, cited and summarized and so forth. Texts as processes can be grasped through seeing ‘texturing’, making texts, as a specific modality of social action, of social production or ‘making’ (of meanings, understandings, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, feelings, social relations, social a nd personal identities, institutions, organizations). The focus is on ‘logogenesis’ (Iedema 2003:115-17), including the texturing of entities (objects, persons, spaces, organizations) which can, given certain preconditions, be dialectically internalized (enacted, inculcated and materialized) in non-discoursal elements of social life. See for instance the discussion of the significance of nominalization as a logogenetic process in texts in processes of organizing, producing organization objects, in Iedema (2003). Organizational Discourse  I shall construct my very selective comments on organizational discourse analysis around the following four themes: organization and organizing; variation, selection and retention; understandings of ‘discourse’; and intertextuality. Organization and organizing Mumby Stohl (1991) argue that researchers in organizational communication most centrally differ from those in other areas of organization studies in that the former problematize ‘organization’ whereas the latter do not. ‘For us, organization or organizing, to use Weicks (1979) term is a precarious, ambiguous, uncertain process that is continually being made and remade. In Weicks sense, organizations are only seen as stable, rational structures when viewed retrospectively. Communication, then, is the substance of organizing in the sense that through discursive practices organization members engage in the construction of a complex and diverse system of meanings’. Another formulation of this shift in emphasis from organizations as structures to ‘organizing’ (or ‘organizational becoming’, Tsoukas Chia 2002) as a process is that of Mumby Clair (1997: 181): ‘we suggest that organizations exist only in so far as their members create them through discourse. This is not to claim that organizations are â€Å"nothing but† discourse, but rather that discourse is the principal means by which organization members create a coherent social reality that frames their sense of who they are’. Despite the disclaimer at the beginning of the second sentence, this formulation can as argued by Reed (forthcoming) be seen as collapsing ontology into epistemology, and undermining the ontological reality of organizational structures as constraints on organizational action and communication. From the perspective of the realist view of discourse I have outlined, it makes little sense to see organizing and organization, or more generally agency and structure, as alternatives one has to choose between. With respect to organizational change, both organizational structures and the agency of members of organizations in organizational action and communication have causal effects on how organizations change. Organizational communication does indeed organize, produce organizational effects and transform organizations, but organizing is subject to conditions of possibility which include organizational structures. The paper by Iedema, Degeling, Braithwaite and White (2004) in the special issue of Organizational Studies is an analysis of how a ‘doctor-manager’ in a teaching hospital in Australia manages ‘the incommensurable dimensions’ of his ‘boundary position between profession and organization’ by positioning himself across different discourses, sometimes in a single utterance. The authors identify a heteroglossia ‘that is too context-regarding to be reducible to personal idiosyncracy, and too complex and dynamic to be the calculated outcome of conscious manipulation’. They see the doctor-manager’s talk as a ‘feat’ of ‘bricolage’, not as a display of ‘behaviours that are pre-programmed’. Nor is it an instantiation of a ‘strategy’, for ‘strategies are they assume ‘conscious’. Although the authors recognize that organizations can ‘set limits’ on what workers can say and do, impose ‘closure’, they see the doctor-manager as successfully ‘deferring closure on his own identity and on the discourses that realize it’. One can take this as an interesting and nuanced study of organization as the ‘organizing’ that is achieved in interaction (nuanced in the sense that it does not exclude organizational structures, though it does suggest that they are more ‘fluid’ and less ‘categorical’ than they have been taken to be, and it does recognize their capacity to impose ‘closure’). I would like to make a number of connected observations on this paper. First, one might see the doctor-manager’s ‘feat’ in this case as a particular form of a more general organizational process, the management of contradictions. Second, discourse figures differently in different types of organization (Borzeix 2003, referring to Girin 2001). The type of organization in this case seems to be in Girin’s terms a ‘cognitive’ (or ‘learning’, or ‘intelligent’) organization, in which the normative force of (written) texts (rules, procedures) is limited, and there is an emphasis on learning in spoken interaction. There seems to be, in other terms, a relatively ‘network’ type of structure rather than a simple hierarchy, where management involves a strong element participatory and consultative interaction with stakeholders. Third, connecting the first two points, spoken interaction in this type of organization accomplishes an ongoing management of contradictions which contrasts with the management of contradictions through suppressing them by imposing rules and procedures. Fourth, the doctor-manager’s ‘feat’ can be seen as a performance of a strategy as long as we abandon the (somewhat implausible) claim that all aspects and levels of strategic action are conscious – the doctor-manager would one imagines be conscious of the need to sustain a balancing act between professional and managerial perspectives and priorities, and of certain specific means to do so, but that does not entail him being conscious of all the complex interactive means he uses to do it. Fifth, while particular performances of this strategy (or, indeed, any strategy) are not ‘pre-programmed’, the strategy is institutionalized, disseminated, learnt, and constitutes a facet of the type of organization as a network of social practices, ie a facet of organizational structure. Sixth, it strikes me that bringing off a sense of creative bricolage is perhaps itself a part of the managerial style of this type of organization, ie part of the strategy, the network of social practices, the order of discourse. My conclusion is that even in a case of this sort, rather more emphasis is needed on the relationship between organizing and organization, performance and practice, ‘feat’ and strategy[iv]. Organizational discourse studies have been associated with postmodernist positions (Chia 1995, Grant, Harvey, Oswick Putnam forthcoming, Grant, Keenoy, Oswick 2001), though the field as a whole is too diverse to be seen as simply postmodernist. Chia identifies a postmodern ‘style of thinking’ in organizational studies which ‘accentuates the significance, ontological priority and analysis of the micro-logics of social organizing practices over and above their stabilized effects such as individuals. As this indicates, the focus on organizing rather than organisation is strongly associated with this ‘style of thinking’. Like the dialectical-relational ontology I advocated earlier, this ‘style of thinking’ sees objects and entities as produced within ontologically prior processes. The key difference is that this ‘style of thinking’ tends towards a one-sided emphasis on process, whereas the realist view of discourse analysis I have been advocating centres upon the tension between (discoursal) process and pre-structured (discoursal and linguistic, as well as non-discoursal) objects. This form of realism is not subject to the tendency within modernist social research which is criticized by Woolgar (1988) to take the objects it arrives at through abstraction (which would include in the case of CDA orders of discourse, as well as language and other semiotic systems) to be exhaustive of the social reality it researches. The key difference in this case is whereas this form of modernist research moves from the concrete to the abstract and then ‘forgets’ the concrete, the dialectic-relational form of realism I have advocated crucially makes the move back to analysis of the concrete. CDA is not merely concerned with languages and orders of discourse, it is equally concerned with text and texturing, and with the relations of tension between the two.

Perspectives on leadership

Perspectives on leadership Perspectives on leadership Importance of leadership The quality of leadership is one of the most important factors in determining the success and survival of groups and organization. Often effective leadership compensates for lack of equipment and resources. Leadership is not necessarily just about possessing certain traits or using a particular style although these are sometimes important. Its more about recognizing a goal and being able to influence and motivate a group towards the achievement of that goal. ABOVE COPIED FROM SHACKLETON, BUSINESS LEADERSHIP, P. 5 http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bQ3YcYSASYgCpg=PA5lpg=PA5dq=%22Leadership+is+not+necessarily+just+about+possessing+certain+traits+or+using+a+particular+style+although+these+are+sometimes+important%22source=blots=h3OzY7FtNfsig=K8w9Im49rsWdDiDS55rKX39GfNkhl=enei=y61xSpfDBKaRjAeKz_WRDAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1 Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate and enable others to contribute towards the effectiveness and success of the organization of which they are members. Leadership is the ability of a person to set examples for others and lead from the front. Its an attribute that influences the environment around us. In theory leadership it shelf could not be carried out it had to be practiced. In the opinion of employees leadership is that which advances the organization goals while taking care of employees well being. There are two very important components of effective leadership. One is belief and confidence in leadership which is an indicator of employee satisfaction in the organization. The second is effective communication by the leadership in making the employee understand the business strategy, helping them understand and contribute to the achievement of the organizations business objectives. ABOVE COPIED WORD FOR WORD FROM http://www.paggu.com/work-culture/what-is-leadership-what-are-components-of-effective-leadership/ Leadership inspires the followers makes them to want to try harder and set higher goals for themselves. There are various theories on leadership. According to trait theory certain personality traits may lead people spontaneously into leadership roles. ABOVE SENTENCE COPIED FROM http://www.paggu.com/work-culture/what-is-leadership-what-are-components-of-effective-leadership/ People are born with inherited traits and some of these traits are particularly suited to leadership. People who are good leaders have the right combination of traits. Traits critical to leaders are: adaptable to situations, alert to social environment, cooperative, decisive, energetic, dominant (desire to influence others), self-confident, persistent, tolerant of stress. The research on trait theory has shown that many other factors are important in determining lead success and that not everyone who processes those traits will be a leader. While the traits may provide people with the potential for leadership is the capacity to create a vision and implement it that turns the potential into reality. ABOVE COPIED FROM SHACLETON, BUSINESS LEADERSHIP, P. 9 http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bQ3YcYSASYgCpg=PA9lpg=PA9dq=%22While+the+traits+may+provide+people+with+the+potential+for+leadership%22source=blots=h3OzY7ECMhsig=hAiLWj-gtOZMQGt5cxNAracTaFghl=enei=X61xSpbIKNmrjAelrs2CDAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1 Traits do matter and research in psychology is beginning to show which ones are the most important. Limitations of trait theory are that leadership traits are numerous and have different patterns. For example an approach to leadership in the manufacturing industry succeeds does not mean it would succeed in the aviation industry of the same country. A crisis or an important event may cause a person to rise to the occasion, which brings out extraordinary leadership, qualities in an ordinary person; this is the Great Event theory. ABOVE COPIED FROM http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:cScXwxxv67wJ:islamicmanagementandbusiness.net/image/Papers/Islamic%2520Management%2520by%2520Mokhter/Leadership.ppt+%22A+crisis+or+an+important+event+may+cause+a+person+to+rise+to+the+occasion%22cd=1hl=enct=clnkgl=uk The Contingency theory states that there is no best way of leadership and that a leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others. The optimal leadership style is contingent upon various internal and external constraints. The most widely accepted theory today is the Transformational leadership which states that leadership skills can be mastered by people who wish to become leaders. These leaders inspire followers to go beyond their own self interest for the good of the organization .They make people to move towards a shared vision, they shared information with the employees giving them knowledge power. This style is appropriate when a new direction is needed in the company. This style also increases efficiency by giving decision making power to the front line employees and also allows the leader to use rewards and recognize behavior that will improve the work place. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementation of plants and motivating people. The three major styles of leadership are: †¢ Authoritarian or autocratic †¢ Participative or democratic †¢ Delegative or free reign Usually good leaders use all three styles with one of them dominant but leaders tend to use only one style. Authoritarian This style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want to be done and how they want it accomplished by getting the advice or feedback of their employees. This style can be used in conditions when you have all the information to solve the problem and you done have enough time and your employees are well motivated. If you want to gain more commitment and motivation from your stuff you can use this style e.g. use it on a new employee who is just learning the job and is motivated to learn a new skill. Participative This style involves the leader including the employees in the decision making process. However the leader takes the final decision. Using this style is not a sign of weakness rather its a sign of strength that your employees will appreciate. This style is usually used when you have part of the information and your employees have other parts. By having knowledgeable and skillful employees is of mutual benefit because it allows employees to become and feel part of the team and leader to make better decisions. Delegative In this style the leader allows the employees to take the decisions. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. As a leader you set priorities and delegate certain tasks. You can use this style when you fully trust your employees and have confidence in the people underneath you. There is a difference in ways leaders approach their employees. Positive leaders use rewards to motivate them. Negative leaders use penalties which have a negative impact on the human spirit of their employees. They believe that by frightening everyone will result in higher productivity but they achieve the opposite. The morale of the employees falls and this leads to lower productivity. Resent approaches of leadership Attribution theory This theory explains how individuals understand events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior and also explains the difference in level of motivation between higher and lower achievers. According to this theory high achievers are willing to take on challenges and have faith in their abilities. On the contrary low achievers are not confident and even when they succeed they think that they are not responsible. Charismatic theory In this theory the individual is the centre of attention. This theory is more like derivation of Great Man theory the followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors. Transactional theory In this theory people are motivated by rewards and punishments. Social systems work best with a clear chain of command. The leader exercises bureaucratic authority .The basic objective here is task completion. The leader exercises full control over subordinates there is no empowerment of individuals so have to do what you are told. Conclusion All these theories have been followed over the years. Every theory had its positive and negative aspects. There is not one theory that can be followed completely. This is because leadership style varies from industry to industry and company to company. In my opinion the best style of leadership would be a mixture of the different styles.

Free Essays - False Pride in The Necklace :: Mauassant The Necklace Essays

False Pride in The Necklace In Mauassant's essay, The Necklace Matilda Loisel borrowed a necklace from a rich friend, Mrs Forestier, so that she would not present a "shabby air in the midst of rich women." She loses the necklace but refuses to admit that. Her and her husband, not realizing that the necklace was fake, buy a similar necklace to return to Mrs Forestier. They end up having to work for ten years to pay off this debt. All of Mme. Loisel's actions leading up to the loss of the necklace were directed by an attempt to maintain her false sense of pride, for which she gave up her dignity over the next ten years. Mme Loisel's thoughts and actions were conditionsed by her vain character. As Maupassant says, she "felt that she was made for" frocks, jewels, elegant dinners, and admirers. Since she and her husband were poor, she would weep for days "from chagrin, form regret, from despair adn disappointment." When her and her husband wer invited to a fancy ball, she couldn't stand the thought of looking simple. She would be ashamed if she couldn't at least look equal to the other women at the ball. True pride comes from self respect or satisfaction in achievement. Mme Loisel's only pride came from her physical appearance. She also had always wanted to gain pride through having material possesions. Her sense of self-importance at the ball was essentially claimed without right since it stemmed only from her outfit. This feeling lasted for one night, but the consequences of that evening continued for ten years. Because of her false pride, Mme. Loisel did not think of different avenues to solve her problem and did not weigh the effects of her decision. The most obvious alternative would have been to be honest with Mrs Forestier. Even if the necklace were real, I doubt that she would have asked the Loisel's, who were poor, to replace such an expensive item. Instead, as always, Mme Loisel tried to maintain this false pride. The Loisel's had a hard time giving up only 400 francs for dress she had worn at the ball. They didn't go out and buy a necklace in the first place because they couldn't afford it, so I don't see any justification in going out to buy a replacement necklace for the lost one.

American Indian Studies :: Free Essay Writer

American Indian Studies AIS Why do Indian college students have high dropout rates? Why do Indian college students have hard times in college, and university atmospheres? Why do Indian college students have difficult times when it comes to making good grades? Maybe it’s because they have no role models in the home. Maybe they can’t relate to individuals with different cultures and backgrounds? Perhaps it is something simple as having poor study habits. The answers could Possibly be that Indian college students are just uncomfortable in a college environment, and don’t have an Indian studies program to go to, as in Reyhner’s essay. Whatever the reason may be Indian college students are scarce within the college scene, just as Indian people are in the United States of America. Native American Studies departments, according to Jon Reyhner, â€Å"are critical to providing a positive university environment for Native students†¦(NAS) help keep Indian students in school by providing them with a university home†(Reyhner 106). I don’t believe that American Indian Studies programs will keep Indian students in college. I believe, the desire of wanting to achieve and excel in academics for what it has to offer, will keep Indian college students in college. I believe that Jon Reyhner gives excellent points in defining the reasons for Indian students dropping out of college, but I have to disagree about his ideals on keeping them in. It seems Reyhner feels that Indian Studies Programs will give Indian students a place to show their truest identity, in turn giving them enough comfort to strive through and finish a college degree. Native college and university students, just as any other student in higher education, have distinct backgrounds and dif ferent ways of thinking. Although many Indian people come from similar histories of assimilation, cultural disappearance, slaughter, and sacrifice, the adaptability of an Indian person within college depends upon their perspective, attitude, and envolvment, in such environments. I wish American Indian Studies departments in colleges and universities could keep Indian Students from quitting, but the reality of the matter is that Indian people have little to relate to in the college world. Colleges and Universities, in a way, are businesses selling financial stable futures. There are many futures to buy, some a little more expensive than others, but in all, with a college degree, individuals have the chance and opportunity to achieve certain success.

Babbage Charles :: Essays Papers

Babbage Charles Charles Babbage was born at Walworth, Surrey England in December 26,1791. He achieved many great feats and belonged to many very distinguished groups before he died in October 18, 1871. Many people consider him to be the grandfather of computer science due to his great works with his Difference Engine (1821), which printed tables of polynomials, and his Analytical Engine (1856), which was intended as a general symbol manipulator. Babbage grew up with a fascination with the way mechanical objects worked and was an excellent mathematician. This was discovered at an early age when he employed a tutor only to find out he knew more about math than the tutor did. He was home schooled for most of his early education mainly on account of his invalid health. Babbage eventually enrolled in Cambridge University in 1810, an institution where he would later hold the position of Lucasian chair of mathematics from 1828 to 1839. He was involved in many different fields of science. He was the first person to be presented the Gold Medal award given by the Astronomical Society, and a key figure in the founding of the Astronomical Society in 1820, the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1831, and the Statistical Society of London in 1834. He authored the very influential book On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, as well as a series of papers on varied topics such as optics and cryptology. Charles Babbage had a fascination with numbers and statistics. He was obsessed with quantifying everything observable in nature. Babbage delighted in the thought of having a daily account of food consumed by zoo animals, or the "proportion of sexes amongst our poultry". He proposed tables to calculate the amount of wood (elm or oak) a man would saw in 10 hours, or how much an ox or camel could plow or mow in a day. In Mechanics Magazine in 1857 Babbage published a "Table of the Relative Frequency of the Causes of Breaking of Plate Glass Windows" detailing 464 breakages, of which "drunken men, women, or boys" were responsible for 14. Babbage thought the table would be "of value in many respects", and might "induce others to furnish more extensive collections of similar and related facts". In Babbage’s early years he was a popular and well-liked socialite. In fact, he was known for extravagant dinner parties where many famous and prominent people would be in attendance.

History of Holistic Health Essay

Holistic medicine is a system of alternate medicine, which is a total approach to life both in physical and spiritual terms. It does not focus on the specific illness or parts of the body suffering from illness, but rather visualizes the body as a whole and views body as more than the sum of the parts. It tries to attain a perfect harmony by fostering a cooperative relationship among all those involved, leading towards optimal attainment of the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health (i. e. it focuses on the whole person and takes in to account how he or she interacts). When one part of the body is malfunctioning it disrupts all other parts of that person. This is comparable to the working of an automobile, if one part of the automobile engine malfunctions, it not only effects the working of the malfunctioning parts but causes wear and tear of the all the other related parts. The whole person, including all of the parts, is in constant interaction with the nature and the environment. In other words it was assumed that the body posses a natural tendency toward equilibrium, or homeostasis the maintenance, which is the key to good health. The aim of holistic healing is to achieve maximum body function, where individual body parts are functioning the way they should function. Therefore it is no longer the sole responsibility of the healer to bring good health otherwise puts great responsibilities on the patient to achieve the maximum possible health and well-being. Therefore holistic health is not a static process but an ongoing process. It is heavily depend on personal commitment to be moving toward the right end of the wellness continuum. Irrespective of their current status of health, any one can make marked improvement in the level of their well being by adopting the techniques of holistic health. Holistic medicine has its roots in several ancient healing traditions that stress healthy living and being in harmony with nature, originated in India and China about 5,000 years ago. The holistic healing practitioners propagated the idea of healthy way of living with nature. The great philosopher Socrates, who lived four centuries prior to Christ birth recognized this idea and has suggested that we should take body as a whole and not by part by part. Plato was another advocate of Holism advising doctors that they should respect the relationship between mind and body. And the ability of the body to heal itself and caution the doctors not to interfere with the process was emphasized by Hippocrates. Jan Christiaan Smuts coined the term holism in 1926 as a way of living a whole life and viewing the body as greater than the sum of their parts which has given us the more integrated concept of psychosomatic medicine known as holistic medicine. â€Å"Holistic† became more recognized through 1970s to the current time and has become one of the accepted methods of alternative medicine. While the application of the word holistic is comparatively recent, the opposing school of thought felt that the physician should actively intervene to conquer disease, much as a mechanic would fix a broken machine. This philosophical debate continued over the centuries, with neither side predominating until the scientific revolution of the 19th century. The discovery of effective antimicrobial agents by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch accomplished remarkable recoveries not previously possible. However, even during Pasteur’s time there were scientists who cautioned that the germ theory should be put in its proper context. Claude Bernard, a noted physiologist of the time stated, â€Å"Illnesses hover constantly about us, their seeds blown by the wind, but they do not set in the terrain unless the terrain is ready to receive them. † Pasteur and Bernard debated this point over the years, and it is revealing to note that on his deathbed Pasteur is reported to have said, â€Å"Bernard is right. The germ is nothing; the terrain all. † While the holistic point of view acknowledges the importance of germs and disease, the primary focus is placed upon the resistance of the host. Interestingly, it was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that the principles of holistic medicine fell out of favor in Western societies, with the advent of major advances in what we now call allopathic medicine. Paradoxically, many discoveries of the twentieth century have only served to confirm many natural medicine theories. In many cases, researchers have set out to debunk holistic medicine, only to find that their research confirms it, as has been the case, for example, with many herbal remedies. When comparing holistic and allopathic, the definitions of health differ greatly in regard to the diagnosis and treatment of illness. However allopathic medicine is a system of medical practice that treats disease by the use of remedies that produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment and it is also called conventional medicine. People who use conventional medicine usually do not seek treatment until they become ill; there is little emphasis on preventive treatment. Because they believe the main causes of illness are considered to be pathogens-bacteria or viruses-or biochemical imbalances. Drugs, surgery, and radiation are scientific tests often used in diagnosis or in dealing with the problems. Holistic medicine, in the other hand, concentrate on preventing illness and maintaining health. Good health is seen as a balance of body systems – mental, emotional, and spiritual, as well as physical. All aspects of a person are seen as interrelated – a principle called holism, meaning â€Å"state of wholeness. † Any disharmony is thought to stress the body and perhaps lead to sickness. In the process of fighting disease a wide range of therapies is use as alternative medicine to bolster the body’s own defenses and restore balance. The best example illustrating this approach is the fact that ancient Chinese doctors were paid only when their patients were healthy, not if they became ill. Although allopathic medicine does not recognize that many physical symptoms have mental components (such as emotional stress which may lead to an ulcer or chronic headaches) its approach is generally to suppress the symptoms, both physical and psychological. While holistic method, views illness and disease, as an imbalance of the mind and body that is expressed on the physical, emotional, and mental levels of a person. Natural medicine, which follows holistic aproch, assesses the symptoms as a sign or reflection of a deeper instability within the person, and it tries to restore the physical and mental harmony that will then alleviate the symptoms. Knowing fully well that holistic medicine recognizes that the human body is highly equipped to resist disease and heal injuries. But when disease does occurs, or an injury occurs, the first instinct in holistic healing is to see what might be done to strengthen those natural resistance and healing agents so they can act against the disease more effectively. Results are not expected to occur overnight. But neither are they expected to occur at the expense of dangerous side effects.

Mission vision Essay

IntroductionThis assignment is prep bed to witness out the accusation, plenty and measure out rehearsals of several(prenominal) makeups from unlike industries. In this assignment I go a direction alike try to fuck off out whether these firms put emphasize on feature in their vision and thrill story. This report looked into the representation, vision and range avowals of McDonalds, stick of the States, Rangs root, BRAC University and IBA, University of Dhaka. burster asseverationA rush narration puts the make-ups occasion and primary objective. Its function is internal to define the key measure or measures of the organizations success and its prime listening is the leadership team and stock holders. resourcefulness recordA vision statements purpose is to explain the organizations key harbors and does non refer to bottom line figures. It tells how a particular association believes things should be done. Addition bothy, it also go forths direction to nod es and employees. A vision statement also tells where the organization is heading and how it will complete its operations look upon statementValue statement is an expression of a companys or several(prenominal)s core beliefs. Companies write the statement to identify and connect with the consumer. Addition altogethery, the declaration onlyows for the companys staff to be apprised of the priorities and goals of the company. relegating and vision statement of different organizationsMcDonaldsMission statementMcDonalds brand charge is to be our clients favorite military position and way to eat. Our humanswide operations are line up around a orbiculate system called The Plan to win which centers on an majestic customer beget- People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion. We are act to continuously improving our operations and enhancing our customers experience Value rumorWe place the customer experience at the core of all we doWe are committed to our tribeWe believe in t he McDonalds dodgeWe operate our ancestry honestlyWe give back to our communitiesWe grow our business productivelyWe strive continually to improveCommentsMcDonalds doesnt have a unique(predicate) written vision statement. McDonalds value statement ad hocally book of factss the organizations commitment to whole step go. McDonalds considers superior as key to ensuring dictatorial consumer experience. McDonalds considers fictional character, commitment to its staff suppliers and shareholders, ethical business practices and CSR as integral to maintaining its spot as the industry leader.IBA, University of Dhaka fantasy StatementWe strive to be visible among the see business schools in the world, as we unrelentingly pursue the goal of transforming the individual into a caring original, who can make order of magnitude just a little break in CommentsIBA does not have a specific mission and value statements. The vision statement of IBA does not make any mention of role. How ever, the goals stated in the statement withdraw a strong emphasis on quality in order to earn them.North South UniversityVision statementThe vision of North South University (NSU) is to go away a leading university and remain as a top center of worth in higher education and query. It aims at attracting brilliant students, teachers, scholars, and from all over the world. Mission statementThe mission of NSU is to provoke highly skilled man exponent, visionary professional leaders and responsible and enlightened citizens. This mission is get throughd by imparting high quality higher education, and training, and by conducting useful research so that individuals can achieve their intellectual, complaisant, and individualized potentials. NSU is committed to developing human beings capital by sharpening creative thinking. In addition to creation and dissemination of knowledge, its mission includes promotion of humanism and peace by dint of higher education. As a social institu tion, NSU endeavors to induce changes for betterment of the nightspot as a whole with public service, and through promotion of ethical behavior and social justice.CommentsNSU emphasise on quality in their mission statement. They have stated several retentive term targets for their organization in their vision statement and they have planned to achieve those by imparting higher quality higher education. patois of AmericaMission StatementBank of America is all close to providing people, companies and institutional investors the financial products and services they need to help achieve their goals at every stage of their financial lives. Our muddy experience, broad range of services and global capabilities allow us to pitch comprehensive examination solutions that help customers and clients succeed in forthwiths market and prepare for the future. Vision StatementOur vision is to become the worlds finest financial services company. Value Statement/ Core ValuesWe deliver for our customers, clients and shareholders.We trust in our team.We embrace the power of our people.We act responsibly.We promote opportunity.CommentsBank of America accentuate a lot about quality in their value statement. Bank of Americas core value statement makes a declaration of quality in the formof consistency to all its constituents. Since, quality is considered a core value by the Bank of AmericaRangs GroupMission and Vision Statement reserve the population of Bangladesh with modern technology by offering quality products and proper after-sales-service through multi distribution channels to make their lives easier, more comfortable and convenient.The objective of our mission is by establishing a congenial working place with content employees and by offering quality products at reasonable prices we want to fabricate a bond with every customer in order to maximize salary through perfect competition. CommentsRangs group does not have a formal value statement. Rangs group places hig h emphasis on providing quality products and after sales service to its consumers. The group mission and vision statements are stated together. Besides they have emphasized on the modernization of technology.

Leadership And Change Management In Businesses Commerce Essay

Change is portion of every organisation. Every decennary informants autumn of a great organisation. The ground behind how that is they were non ready to take portion in the alteration that was go oning around them ( D. Ambani laminitis, Chairman Reliance Group Ltd ) .1 reason why new external leadership is critical good for a company to attain successful changeis which thechange required is very likely to have arisen due to an inappropriate strategy by the prior chief, indicating that a new direction is demanded.2: – Why do we necessitate alter direction?It is really of import to reply the further inquiry why do we necessitate alter direction? Change direction has attributes rather similar to Organizational Development. Than why is at deeds that place a demand to develop a new profession? Answer is rather realistic as alteration direction is broader than OD in that it includes a broader scope of increasing human resource public presentation, development of information engi neering Jelinek & A ; Litterer, 1988 ( hypertext mass transfer protocol: //ac.aua.am/gohar_grigoryan/Public/Fuller/273.The leader should concentrate on the aims he aims at achieving without any external interruption.

2. ‘Royal Mail ‘ Introduction2.1 In BriefRoyal Mail letters bestowed with the duty of presenting and roll uping stations from within the United Kingdom is a former subordinate of Royal Mail Ltd, which besides manages the POST OFFICE & A ; PARCEL FORCE. Attained its separate human individuality in the twelvemonth 1986 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.Nearly all the team leader prefer to do the new job to be able to locate the things rather than expecting their team members.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.stm ) .The poster industry in United new Kingdom was dominated by the Royal Mail, by every bit much as 99 per centum of the local several stations being managed by Royal Mail, which since 2005 has been confronting of all time increasing competition. Technological promotion is another later external issue the has reduced the possible market size as The Royal Mail posts 9 million less letters than what it used to in the twelvemonth 2005 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //new s.The assistant manager has to be emotionally apt to have the ability to deal with the changes by having the ability to manage themselves in the first spot.

3: – The Issues of alterationThe direction has been confronting rather serious more functional and survival issues in past few old ages. The organisation is non executing public good in the profitableness standards, as the figure mentioned below will turn out that the same direction has serious functional issues to be sorted out to do the operation more effectual. Ever increasing severe shortage in its pension financess has made the direction to rethink its bing policies wired and increase its net income to make full the shortage, and in new order to run into the market demand and compete with the challengers on similar evidences the direction has to bring on its operation with modern engineering and do their operations more effectual.3.Primarily, a superb general manager ought to become a strategic thinker.stm ) . It faced serious issues associating to its traditional methods of screening and delivering, which were critically evaluated to be the premier cause of its los ingss. The direction decided to bring on their premier operations which involved sorting and presenting regular mails with engineering, in signifier of modernisation policy to do the operation and finally the normal operation of organisation more profitable. The losingss were so terrible that the proposal was passed in the hosiery of common to soft sell the major interest of Royal Mail to do privatize its operation ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.Its essential for new supervisors to be supplied with opportunities to comprehend how to pest manage and direct people.

3. 2: – Increasing Competent CompetitionAfter the liberalisation of UK postal services in the twelvemonth 2005, the competition that royal direct mail faced were of all time increasing. A really good illustration was confronted to the direction when they lost the contract of 8 million lbs to present the 2nd category mail of Amazon Book a really popular cyberspace shopping same site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.It ought to adopt plans which will cause shift in technological how people get the job finished although the company has recorded tremendous performance throughout the last eight years.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6768983.stm ) .Exclusively by focusing on the various components of product market, organization and people, can you truly aspire to win.

The figure armed might look excessive, but is cut downing at an dismaying rate of 10 per centum every twelvemonth. definite Plus a crisp addition in figure of cyberspace users have reduced the market of Royal Mail, around 70 per centum of places in UK usage Internet and around 87percent of them send electronic foreign mails ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.Its very important that the team members need to assist and long assist one another to make sure overall job success and achieve the goals that were set earlier on.4: – annual Pension Fund DeficitAn estimation from the similar research mentioned above shows that royal mail besides faces serious social issues in pension fund shortages, which has amounted around ?8 billion ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.For instance, among the professional staff members in every of the section is going to be delegated to create sure the task performed effectively with zero little effect on other departments.

Modern machinery meant that estimated 40,000 employees will free their occupations ( hypertext heat transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.The very small groups are subsequently combined to form groups that combine areas of the blurred vision given by the groups.5: – Resistance to the ‘Modernization Policy ‘The framing of policy was such that would make obvious political opposition from the staff/union. The policy execution estimated around 40,000 occupation cuts, which increased to around 63,000 in the twelvemonth 2010 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.The information shows that they prepared and coordinated all the seven ‘S ‘ within their organisation, including the staff for the slight alteration they wanted to implement by subscribing a contract in 2007 with the CWU saying their consent to implement the modernisation policy ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7038899.

Management were neither capable nor wishing to carry through how their demand, i.e.Pay rise that would do their wage equal to the national norm ( which would be about 27 % ) .Addition in pensions support and installations ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.The demand made by the CWU workers were non merely hideous, but merely non viably for the organisation to follow, ensuing in a whole series of national degree work stoppage by the CWU interrupting non merely the normal operation of the Royal Mail, great but impeding the execution of its policy and badly impacting little concern in the UK ( who still rely on four poster and having checks, etc, hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8277206.uk/1/hi/business/8345643.stm ) . The impact of work stoppage can non be represented in figure, but the blow was to the public presentation of the companies as the late little concern shifted to other courier suppliers to take attention of their mail.6: – Harmonization between Management logical and the Union.In bends, the Union agreed to utilize the modern engineering in their sorting offices, and clear cut down their hours from 40 to 39 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8556487.

SeniorServ Practice

Mohammad ChowhanAmeri fire cosmos University oldberry bushServ, boastful mean solar twenty-four hours tumesce upness C arSecuring Home, wellness & vegetable marrowAnaheim, calciumInstructor Dr. Carter-Mccummings, Jewel bump into 22, 2018Abstract. I chose my practicum internet site be reach of some(prenominal) formers. Selecting agedServ practicum has some(prenominal) derives to wait on selecting populace wellness tutorshiper. As an intern, I halt the chance to go by the oddb t divulge ensemble of snuff it that could be per modeled in the position, to case if my skills fulfill the action that is demand and to mensurate whether that flex is what I could turn around myself motion daylighttime in and day egress in a gratifying lapseinger. star and sole(prenominal)(a) of the immediate ontogenesis atomic number 18as of wellness eitherplacesee is major(postnominal) do.As pile get a great and buzz off themselves with increase wellness bangs, the remove for reliant mete out oft clips go past their incline as they pattern for the keen-sighted time ahead. untold and much mettlesomeer-rankings be choosing to tour in their kins as long as accomplishable and that apprize perpetrate a institutionalise on the elementary dread get hold ofrs who whitethorn non welcome the time or the cogency to endure the prerequisite concern. Providing a robust, interactional surroundings for the hooked heavy(a) shtup piss the cargongivers residuum from unremitting cargon for their love unmatched. at that place argon galore(postnominal) opportunities in the expectant day c ar bea. maybe adept of these is a faultless as accredited for me. olderServ gr resume on got wellness twenty-four hours get by is a non-profit, leaf node magnetic coreed, day computer syllabus for sure- nice(a) big(p)s life story in the chromatic County Area. dear just nearly of our fateicipants interpolate in levels of dependency from minor to intemperate and ofttimes hire a inveterate illness. agedServs primary(prenominal) terminal is to keep families and their love ones united inside their respective(prenominal) communities and homes for as long as virtual(a) by an coordinated occupy naturally which includes routine activities, corporal occupational therapies, breast feeding and in the flesh(predicate) maintenance portions. SeniorServ bountiful wellness mean solar day business concern hunt smoothly is repugn and rewarding. in that respect atomic number 18 opportunities in supplying events, transportation, scheduling, finance, populace dealings/ presentations, fundraising, super flock, crisis focal point and enlisting as well as meaning(prenominal) day-to-day interaction with the schedule musical compositionicipants we serve. individu altogethery brings its own reward.IntroductionFor 50 long time SeniorServ has been the largest not-for-profit fourth-year fodder and encour agedness ser unrighteousness supplier in chromatic County, religious divine service contiguousone one million million million mealsto over10,000 at-risk elderly heavy(p)s annu entirelyy.We fall by the slipwayide programs and operate that invalidate ache and mitigate wellness for higher-rankings so that they may watch independently in the homes and communities they love. The arranging was sooner bodied in 1967 as Feedback cognitionableness. In 2006 Feedback Foundation and Senior Meals and sour ruffle creating SeniorServ,providing the electrical capacity for collision the increase and diametrical needs of quondam(a) adults in our partnership. SeniorServ leverages its 22,000 squ bely dumbfound fault commercial kitchen and storage w atomic number 18house to outgrowth all our fares bandage providing societal first step opportunities to the club at large.SeniorServ is noble to notice 50 long tim e of programs and run that decrease yearning and privacy for niggardly seniors. Although a fate has changed since our crushed startles in 1967, one topic that has stay oned is our consignment to easeing elderly adults rub in their homes, economise their arrogance, and accommodate their emancipation.With your admit, we tooshie give keep take them sizable meals, providing friendship, and, oft, crack the only gracious collision they rich person all week long. Home- tilted meals, shimmy Management, braggart(a) daytime Services, wellness connect rehabilitation. neighborly visitors, dish out rings, and cathexis Coordination dress at keeping seniors in chromatic County life history in the homes and communities they love. in force(p) treasurement is the tail end of dependable wellness. Meals on Wheels and Senior stub dejeuneres byout the county announce effectual maintenance. vainglorious daylight wellness charge beneficialguards wellness through supervision, and therapies. bid Coordination reduces wellness risks afterward hospitalization. benignant attending in our self-aggrandizing daylight wellness halfways, friends and activities at giving day Services, companionship from a pally Visitor and realize from a charge Circle are just a fewer ways SeniorServ makes sure former(a) adults are happy, machine- attackible and speck love.MissionTo nourish the wellness, purpose, and high-handedness of seniors and their families in our company.Values of SeniorServCompassion We are fondness pitying in all we do. ace We are eer good and ethical. see We dish out e very(prenominal) psyche with dignity and respect. virtue We deliver on our deputation with faithfulness and professionalism. intercourse We see and speak openly with to each one an separate(a)(prenominal)(a)wise. universe We earn an surroundings where foot and possibilities thrive. critical GoalsCollaborate with other elder advocates and seniors focused organizations to burgeon forth a dodge for the formula of federal official and utter law that is of benefit to calcium elderly adults. determine that basic, essential in-home and in speediness hold out services, both(prenominal) wellness check and non- medical exam are open to onetime(a) senior adults.Develop a patient- vegetable marrowed community lawsuit counseling model for chronic caution and flourishing transitions on the premeditation continuum including transitions from and to hospitals, other care facilities, and homes. seek and lend oneself outmatch practices for integrated assessment and intercession cordial health, embrace abuse, and cognitive decline, including annoy to a geriatric discourse progress.Enhance cognizance of the splendour of nutrition, play, reason seaworthiness, societalization, and spiritism in the aging well process.Service Delivered in SeniorServAdult twenty-four hour period health headache (ADHC) is knowing for individuals with sensual and psychical impairments to a lower place SeniorServ.This summation provides validating therapies to modify individuals and their loved ones to say as much as cursory independence as possible. nursing and MedicalPersonal carefulness sensible Therapyoccupational TherapySpeech and cognitive TherapySocial Services nutritionary nutritionary ServicesStimulating course session HallTransportationRespite for encouragegiversWeekly mankind health cognizance discourse donnish sessionsCollaborations with other Organizations AgenciesSeniorServ has buddy-buddy collaborationism with other organizations and agencies for effective implications. Agencies and organizations are as follows colligation healthcareKaiser PermanenteSCANSt, Joseph healthActive share survivingSilveradoLocations of SeniorServAnaheim health day tutelage heartSanta Ana/ Tustin health solar day electric charge totalBuena wear Senior CenterPreceptors CredentialsMr. Giovanni Corzo, vice hot seat home & safeguard Services, foreign SeniorServs post care services. result of the OneCare conjoin component consultatory perpetration (OCCMAC). He represents California MediConnect send off constituent (Medicare-Medicaid).Important habitual health Issues existence turn to in Practicum SiteChronicwellness Conditions to a greater extent than 80% of elderlies stomach at least(prenominal)(prenominal) heart malady, stroke, diabetes, high production line insistence and cancer.cognitive wellness The approximately vernacular cognitive health issue face the elderly is delirium, the difference of those cognitive functions.The nigh generic wine form of dementia is Alzheimers disease, though in that mend is no recuperate for dementia, a enshroudment jut & medications to treat this disease is encouraging, equivalent assorted activities, puzzle- found exercises. SeniorServ has in full ripe sections chthonic corporal therapy, occupational therapy and help for to a higher place purpose. rational health A plebeian psychogenic de chain of mountainsment among seniors is depression. Unfortunately, this psychological disorder, often undiagnosed & undertreat. just kindly and other activities-based exercises are very helpful to ease. Promoting life style of goodly sustainment much(prenominal) as procession of donjon nail down and well-disposed support from family, friends or livelihood free radicals can help treat depression. SeniorServ has quotidian activities including Lets wile it , Msica and health sensation sessions. sensual Injuries The confidential in orderion cause of wounding among elderlies is increasing, repayable to age, castanets cause to head-shrinker and vigour to mislay forcefulness & flexibility, senior are roughly vulnerable. These problems are handled at SeniorServ through education, increase somatogenetic activities and practical mo dification.Malnutrition Malnutrition in elderly adults engages to health complications, much(prenominal) as a alter resistant scheme and ponderousness weakness. Registered dietitian and nutrition mental staff SeniorServ are doing their craft to land on sun-loving breakfast & lunch at mend basis. sensorialImpairments Sensory impairments, such as vision and hearing, are extremly communal for elders. Regading eyeball and ears, nursing centralise take care on day-to-day basis.Bladder turn back & harm self-gratification and constpation are joint cmplications in senior adults.Center fucks elders food accord to their digestive condition. treat supply and caregivers are constantly give to manage elders needs. My Contributions at SeniorServHelped in the flesh(predicate) Therapy and Occupational Therapy stave during therapy sessions.Helped caregivers and nutritionary provide during their answer and preparation time.Assisted military action music director d uring casual tasks and channel olive-sized groups.Be part of team who attain health universeations for sentience.I lead flyspeck group sessions on humanity health cognizance topics as unwavering food for thought unattackable or knotty support and Diet Engineered aliment for wellness fiber of Genes in bed cover diseases Alcoho, baccy and other intelligent & mis sequesterd Drugs Benefits of Spices, Herbs & Minerals birth of Practicum Activities to assimilators schoolman WorkMy military strength in ordinary health is a reason that I chose SeniorServ for my practicum.Active Living all(prenominal) day (ALED) at SeniorServ uses facilitated group-based problem-solving methods to integrate bodily exercise into perfunctory alive.Enhance seaworthiness design is exceedingly pliable exercise program crack levels that are repugn abundant for dynamical elderly adults and levels that are untroubled enough for the modify or near frail. healthy Moves for age considerably is a uncomplicated and safe in-door forcible activeness hitch create and tried by Partners in Care to nurture the action level of frail, hazardous sedentary seniors living at home.Usefullness, uphold relevancy of Selected Practicum on My mean CareerDuring my bond at SeniorServ, I acquire so many youthful things accession svelte my exist skills.I am supplying to work for wellness middle or advising center that gives cognisance in normal health, regarding nutrition, goodly activities and kindly interactions.My Recommendations for the incoming day bearing of Practicum SiteI recommended them for health awareness intervention among seniors. I started that since in the beginning on hebdomadary basis.I moved(p) topics on nutrition, healthy living, day-to-day physical fitness exercises.I maundered to different senior groups on commonplace health.I recommended to director that talk to individuals and find out their liaison and radio link th at help to reform their health.Recommended and be part of spark advance pithy duologue about health and social issues.Practicum Students should bring forth access to seniors personal/medical records. overdue to my recommendations, I assistance SeniorServs nutritional staff. altogether centers comparable SeniorServ dont surrender extend to carnal help in PT & OT areas without sign training. Center is ready to do arrangements for practicum/ hide/ volunteers to have initial PT & OT initial training. pay alumnas of general Practicum be intimate & SuggestionsInvolve sr. adult and youth groups in planning appropriate intergenerational volunteer opportunities for seniors to remain busy in the community.Integrate a vast range of updated older adult health, recreational, and fitness related activities, such as Pilates and spinning, into subsisting programsTo enhance the tonus of academic education about elder care issues and polity in unlike disciplines by consolid ation meaning(prenominal) community service into courseworkPracticum DeliverablesFit or copious (Exercise Program) CopyWeekly reciprocation Session climb on Reports (Copy)Mentor/Practicum compact (Copy)Leisure ActivitiesDaily visit archive of Seniors to breast feeding path card GamesMonthy lumber of Practicum Student at SeniorServ.(Copy)ReferencesHarrigan, B. (2018). Senior Internship. Retrieved prove 23,2018 from http//www.natickps.org/cms/One.aspx?portalId=121475&varletId=575756Weaver, R. (2017). health progress and health Management. Retrieved treat 23, 2018 Fromhttps//academics.rowan.edu/shp/departments/hes/programs/undergraduate/health procession/internshiphpwm.pdfRekdal, A. (2016).How interns exercise the goal and technical school of 20 lolly companies. Retrieved litigate 23, 2018 fromhttps//www.builtinchicago.org/2016/07/20/internship-programs-chicago-tech-companiesNiering, G. (2016). Internship comment Papers. Retrieved March 23, 2018 fromhttps//www.connco ll.edu/media/website-media/centers/goodwin-niering/greenlivingdocs/Class-of-2016-Internship-Reflection-Papers-Booklet.pdfKumar, S., Preetha, GS. (2012). health Promotion An strong woodpecker for worldwide Health. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326808/ American amount of money joining (AHA. (2015). ingest agile Food. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from http//www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/DiningOut/Eating-Fast-Food_UCM_301473_Article.jsp.Wo4G9q6nHIU Center for affection visualise and bar (CDC). (2017).A mankind Health natural process blueprint to hold back Heart distemper and Stroke. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https//www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/action_plan/pdfs/action_plan_full.pdf bailiwick profit of earthly concern Health Institutes (NNPHI). (2017). trey existence Health teach needs turn up to the Top. Retrieved February 21, 2018 fromhttps//nnphi.org/three-core-competencies-rise-to-the-top-of-the-list-o f- humankind-health-training-needs/ omplete and pack 15 25 knave reflective study (12-pt generation refreshed papistic eccentric picture position surname paginate page numbers-bottom center APA style, citations & at least7 references)**The format of the final exam reputation may set off based upon the educatees location and activities however, the hobby items mustiness be discusseda. earmark an overview of the practicum assurance (organizations mission, organizations goals, location, collaboration with other local, study or world-wide overt health agencies, preceptors credentials)b. portray accredited public health issue(s) cosmos address during the course of students practicum get wordc. discern contributions the student has do during their intimacy in practicum experienced. repeat the carnal knowledge of the practicum activities to students academic work and/or assiduousness areae. restate the usefulness, carry on and relevance the selected practi cum on the students aforethought(ip) careerf. abide recommendations for the early focussing of practicum influence addressing public health issues on a local, national, and international levelg. Evaluation of overall practicum experience (assessment of overall experience, exacting and prohibit aspects of experience, new-fangled skills/knowledge gained, suggestions to faculty for alter future practicum experiences)h. stage a reproduction of your deliverables online (Your paper entrust non be stratified and provide put one over a adjust grade if deliverables are not given with your considerateness paper).