Is money a motivator Essay

Question 1In the business environment people atomic number 18 constantly motivated to perform tasks to get to a desired go forthcome. When we learn at the motivational theory of Maslow we rat understandably establish that our demand depend on what we already apply. His hierarchy show the most fundamental needs of individuals to the self-actualisation witch lies at the top being the best you can be. The most basic needs on the needs hierarchy had to be satisfied before the next level of needs emerge. Hertzberg theory lays out the difference between the motivational factors for drill achievement and responsibility to the hygiene factors at the work place.The hygiene factors only play a affair when they be not present in the on the job(p) environment. If for example you involve bad interpersonal relationships with your fellow employees or a bad salary, if the organization provides these factors there pull up stakes not be any dissatisfaction barely they wearyt contribut e to an employee motivation.But what really motivates us to perform these tasks. We are not as endlessly manipulative and predictable as we think. In general when you reward something you will get more of the behaviour you lack and when you punish something you will get less of the desired behaviour. Almost everyone when they were junior-grade would perform a simple task if their parents would give them a pecuniary reward, for example if you wash the car we will give you ten rand. In this case money acts as the motivator to complete the basic task. This is an example of the expectancy theory if you do the task you get the reward.This theory will always apply to basic mechanical task. When the task is more ticklish or a rudimental cognitive skill is needed to complete a task money seems to fail as a motivator harmonize to a study done at Massachusetts Institute of engine room (MIT). When creative thinking and high level of skill and knowledge is undeniable to complete difficult tasks money will fail all over and over again as a motivator. As a fact the high the rewards or incentives lead to poor performance. This is actually quite the opposite of what we expected. money is a motivator at work that is a factbut it does not add value to the job.In conclusion, we strongly believe that money is indeed the biggest motivatorin the workplace. Based on the points and statements above, we can clearly see that money is indeed the important factor that motivates people at the workplace. Money is regarded as a very high reward for the individuals that have worked hard for it. It is also regarded as the highest form of reward for employees. The higher the birth grade, the higher the recognition they receive from their employers as well as from the working mates. Finally, we conclude that money is indeed the most important factor that motivates individuals at the work place.http//www.forbes.com/2010/04/06/money-motivation-pay-leadership-managing-employees.html http// writefix.com/?page_id=1799http//www.custom-essays.org/samples/Is_money_an_effective_motivator_at_work.html http//www.ukessays.com/essays/commerce/money-is-the-biggest-motivator-commerce-essay.php http//www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/15346.htmlhttp//www.studymode.com/essays/Money-Motivation-1574966.html

Wireless Technology Proposal

Starting a vexation substructure be chall(a)enging as well as rewarding. Implementing the determination of modern, relevant engineering science will help promote success indoors the calling. radio set devices can be used to help with achieving and maintaining that success. There is a vast array of radio set devices available to choose from. It is outstanding to retire which of these would be almost useful for the party plate pipeline. With investigate, it has been determined that party plates would benefit most from modern electric cell phones and the Apple IPAD.We recommend that to each one employee be provided a cellular phone and alike an Apple IPAD for business purposes. Attached is a detailed proposal that turnes the pros and cons of incorporating these twain devices. We will justify the decision of choosing the devices and our research and data will get out down the economical concerns associated with implementing this plan of action. In conjunction with my t eam, we harbour deliberated and determined upon two wireless technologies that would be beneficial to administer in the alliance Plates organization.We have decided to implement the usefulness of Apple iPads & Blackberry phones into our party to streamline business. The iPad offers apps that eliminate paper-based processes that give you realtime information, and improve efficiency of common place activities. iPad gives you immediate access to important files. Utilizing easytouse business apps on iPad, you can criticism and edit Microsoft Office and iWork files, fine-tune presentations, and annotate PDFs. iPads allows you to continue hunt downing on important projects even when youre amodal value from your desk.Using an iPad simplifies all your business-critical designates, whether its managing inventory, trailing shipments, or invoicing clients. With iPad and apps from the App Store, get equipped with ready-to-go solutions to keep your operations on course. iPad is also an i ncredible mobile gross revenue tool to help you manage all your customer relationships. With its wireless connectivity, iPad gives you on-the-spot access to your CRM database for customer information, sales data, and task lists.In addition to the iPad, our team chose to incorporate the Blackberry phone as a wireless mobile device as well. The advantages of giving your employees a blackberry as a business device allows users to make phone calls, manoeuver emails, look at and send documents, text messages and pictures, and record and listen to voicemails from anywhere in the world. The business benefits of these devices have led some companies to purchase a plan for every employee. This has led some companies to see an increase in employee efficiency and happiness.With a company Blackberry, an employee can conduct business when impertinent of the office. Mobile access to communications and information helps you respond promptly to inquiries and address customer concerns immediatel y, enhancing their satisfaction. Access to up-to-date information helps you capitalize on business opportunities virtually whenever and wherever they arise. Technology has many benefits to a business nevertheless there are also many potential disadvantages. One important benefit for a bus to use wireless technology is to render money.Wireless Technology regulates the need for employees to come into the office. For example, if there is a meeting that would bear on several employees in different locations it would save the company money to not have to pay for travel expenses. It is an advantage for employees to use their company phones. Wireless communication increases communication by receiving information faster. Wireless communication allows employees to be easy to contact when on the move. Most of all there is no need for cords.On the negative side of wireless technology, many businesses depend on electronic systems and operation for the company can come to an immediate cul if the software crashes or the system goes down. Second, software is constantly changing and needing upgrading and expert support could be time consuming. Security can be an smother unauthorized people can attack wireless technology. The mobile look sharp is not as fast as a desktop computer, and sometimes servicing can be expensive. As our business Party Plates continues to bring out we will continue to require advancement in our technology.Wireless technology plays a huge role in the way we facilitate our day to day business. Some of the latest additions to our wireless devices are such as the cell phone and I-pad. These wireless devices will ensure our employees not only have a variety but flexibility alike. Our management team and sales associates are finding it not only convenient but it helps with their boilers suit productivity of our products for several reasons. First, wireless technology allows our employees the opportunity to be full-bodied and use their time that was formerly being wasted.A good example would be, most employees commute to work on public transportation. The commute allows them the time to research new and innovate ways and ideas to help continue the growth of our company or complete unfinished assignments. Secondly, because our employees or able to take their devices with them, their work locations are much more flexible. Another great advantage to upgrading to wireless technology is that it allows our employees the opportunity to allocate their work time around their individualised obligations.The following is a spreadsheet to track hardware and software requirements. In conclusion, you can see the company will successfully meet goals, and provide a more substantial way of communication for all staff. After guardedly reviewing the operation of Party Plates a modern relevant and sufficient technology to consider are cell phones and the up to date IPAD 2. Our team would gladly assist your company to moving forward with a wirele ss way of communication. Reference http//us. blackberry. com/business/types/small/SolutionsBrochure_V5. pdf

Themes in the Crucible

Jacob F solelyin Mrs. James English III 22 November 2010 Themes in The Crucible In my essay Im going to be talking about the themes in The Crucible. Saving your image is non worthy the lives of complimentary stack. Danforth did not want to postpone the hanging because he doesnt want to look weak in Salem. So to look muscular he showed no mercy, didnt not postpone the hangings, and so population with respect him in all ways. Lies whitethorn be truth, and truth may be lies. Said by illusion Proctor, innocent persons knew the truth fleck Abigail said that they were working with the devil.So who is going to believe who? That is what happens danforth does not believe the innocent, scarce the liers. Its better to fail with honor than succeed as a fraud. John Proctor died knowing the truth while Abigail ran away from the innocent lives that she took from good mess and she did that with her life of lies, and gets away from every social function that happened to all the innocen t people that died for telling the truth and not doing witchcraft further was accuse for it and then(prenominal) was hanged if did not acknowledge.Jacob2 When good men do nothing, evil can triumph. If people in Salem said that Abigail and the other girls were lying they could have had a chance for the innocent to live. But only one person stood up for himself and the innocent John Proctor and he was hanged for not confessing to witchcraft which he was innocent but since he said I am not with god. A lie told often enough becomes the truth. Abigail and all the other girls, which said the same thing over and over again that was so and so used witchcraft and Judge Danforth believed Abigail and all the other girls which caused several death of innocent people like Corey Giles who was pressed to death they did that cause, so it soon became the truth to the court. Whoever was accused was going to get hanged unless the confessed and there were a few that did confess, and will be rememb ered by being known for doing witchcraft but the ones that didnt confess were hanged, the last two people that hanged and did not confess was Rebecca Nurse ,and John Proctor. One error can lead up to many errors. It all started because of Abigail and Johns relationship, thats when the witch trials and hangings occurred. All of this could have not started if John had not had the affair with Abigail and gave her hope that they would one day be together and she motionless though that john and her would soon be together because his wife was accused.

God Loves Uganda Response Paper Essay

I was awargon of sozzled anti- pederasticity prejudice in Uganda from discussions with friends and some news coverage I byword on the internet. However, I was unaware of the influence of U. S. evangelical missionaries until I apothegm the documentary God Loves Uganda. The films director, Roger Ross Williams, illuminates how American missionaries in Uganda break away to condemn homo versedity and ban condoms as part of their abstinence only(prenominal) education. Missionaries in the film hail from the International House of Prayer (IHOP) in Kansas City, Missouri.They take direction from the charismatic Lou Engle, who is a prominent leader of the evangelical Christian right. Throughout the documentary, these missionaries speak candidly about their core ghostly beliefs without coercion or the trickery of film editing. The American pastor layabout the anti-gay vitriol spread by these well-meaning IHOP missionaries is Scott marvellous. It is substanceant to note that Scott marv elous is quite the conspiracy theorist and anything he says should be taken with a grain of salt.He co-founded the anti-gay group Watchmen on the Walls and authored books such as The pinko Swastika Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, 7 Steps to Recruit-Proof Your Child, and The Poisoned pour out Gay Influence in Human History (Scherr). refreshful has hammer relationships with Ugandan religious leaders, who preach his toxic message to their congregations. Two of the biggest myths that Lively and IHOP missionaries teach in Uganda are that homosexuality is a Western import trying to recruit children and that homosexuals can choose to be heterosexual.In Uganda, Same-sex relations have been deemed unnatural and laws against it have been in place forever. However, in 2009, anti-gay ardor reached new heights when the Ugandan Anti- Homosexuality Act was introduced to parliament. The bill criminalizes homosexual relations, which are punishable by life in prison or even death for serial off enders. Inspiration for the AntiHomosexuality Act directly stems from Scott Livelys seminar titled, Exposing the Truth Behind Homosexuality and the Homosexual Agenda, which he presented before UgandanParliament. (Lapin) In conjunction with anti-homosexual propaganda, the missionaries preach that condoms should be banned, as abstinence is the key to lowering the HIV rate. The Ugandan government supports this blemished abstinence only policy. As a result, both hetero and homo sexual relations are stigmatized and condoms are not used. Therefore, disease continues to spread and fetch havoc on Ugandan society. Race and compoundism are not explicitly mentioned in the film but they are undeniable factors.Race has been effective to the missionaries. As ex-communicated, Bishop Christopher Senyonjo says of Ugandans relationship to the missionaries, Because they are white, people opine them. Colonizing of values is certainly happening. Africa has always been a place in which colonial aspir ations come to fruition. Rather than exporting a way of governing to the colonies, missionaries are exporting religious governance. In addition to building orphanages and other cracking works, IHOP missionaries have exacerbated the anti-gay climate in Uganda.These people infiltrate Uganda in the call in of God, demonize homosexuality as part of Biblical law, and then direct citizens to take the real law into their own hands. Consequently, LGBT people in Uganda charge for their lives. Now I must ask, is this what Jesus would want? Bibliography Lapin, Andrew. God Loves Uganda. The Dissolve. The Dissolve, 9 Oct. 2013. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. Scherr, Sonia. U. S. Anti-Gay Activists Under Fire for Role in Uganda. Souther poorness Law Center. Intelligence Report, Apr. -May 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.

No Phones in School Essay

Cell phones ar honourable for education. Cell Phones are good for education for many reasons. First you notify use cell phones for research purposes. Although most schools have at least(prenominal) 1 computer in the classroom and a computer lab, sometimes this still isnt enough. It bed also be expensive to countenance a computer to each student at school, so a good option is to use cell phones for research instead. Next, I motive to talk about why apps are good for education.Some mountain think that some apps are bad and kids will get distrait and use them in class. And the truth is that cell phones have many educational apps as well. Which do you think would be more fun and fire for a student? Either studying with a boring appropriate that is hard to understand, or playing an educational app that is still studying, but oft more exciting. I would definitely choose the second choice. Here are some good features of phones that are good for school 1.Calculator. It doesnt e numerate if your phone is expensive or not, almost every single phone has a computing machine. loads of students are required to have a calculator as one of their school supplies, but if they have one on their phone, then they dont have to get one. 2. Stop Watch. Lots of phones have a stopwatch, which drop be employ in lore class. I know that when I was in public school we used stopwatches all the time for experiments, and the teacher only had 3 stopwatches so we had to take back turns.3. Dictionary. Cell phones can be used as a dictionary, which can be VERY useful in a classroom setting. You can always search on the Internet for the definition, or if you classroom or school doesnt have wi fi, you can text to 466-456 the word you involve defined and Google will text you back the definition of that term.

Nature of Human Being and reason for beingg

From the Catholics point of view, if we look at the bible basing direction the Old Testament, we admit committed sin from the day Adam and pointing bit the apple and this perhaps as always an excuse of universe when they commit mis portion outs. If we consider science on gentleman evolution, they would say that we were erstwhile came from the family of ape, this also affects the perception towards the behavior of human organisms because they comprehend humans as higher level of the animal kingdom and again drive the trend to commit mistakes. only if going deeper, do we really be innate(p) to make mistakes?Or in order to achieve perfections we needed to percolate sessions by going through the mistakes. For me, the temperament of human cosmos and how he exist Is change by a lot of factors, say by environment, circumstances, upbringing , beliefs etc. We sometimes make decisions not thoroughly hark back of only because of what we feel or sometimes how otherwise will p erceived It as right or wrong. This is because our behaviors are affected by the norms send by the environment where we are living or somehow affected by culture that was inculcated in our minds from the day we were born or even when we were still in the womb of our mother.This somehow defines the right and wrong of our action, from each one human be has his own definition of how we turn back righteousness and what seems to be not right in our perspectives. We are naturally Influenced by the milieu but at the end of the day we always see justice In every human, we always believed that whatever the actions or even mistakes committed, we dont on the whole removed the idea that somehow there is kindness or goodness in the heart of every human being. I guess, the nature of human being is not imperfectly perfect but we tend to romance of having almost close to perfect life.Contentment and satisfaction is always a challenging word for us. Linking this to genuine happiness adds mo re heaviness to the word, because, It gives us immunity to choose our own happiness and yet In choosing, we consider circumstances, families, other factors that might impact the happiness we exigency to have for our own lives. confessedly to the saying, that no man is an island, which man cannot live alone, he needs to be with somebody to show his affection, emotion and love in either way.And this drives us also to do goodness, because we believe hat there is somebody, who can repeat us, our faith directs us to do goodness and always reasons for everything we do, and somehow, sometimes being human we tend to forget this, because we perceived that we do not have a choice. But in reality we do, if we do have choices as human being, we have the freedom to think, how to act. The nature of human being for me is the equal for each and every one but it only differs when influential factors sets in especially the culture that affects all our situations and ways of thinking.Reasons of B eing For me being is the reasons of conception. But how do we define reasons of being? Why humans do exists? In my own point of view, we were not born out of nowhere. Culture, religion, science environment may happened to affect our existence. We mimic sometimes other personalities or idols that we see or we believed reflect how we want to live our lives. And somehow this gives us directions of our being. Our reasons of being are unending process, it is like a cycle, when we almost are through to end something, and then it gives us another open door to get off on something.A child is born, his path sometimes is being mapped out already by his parents, but the moment he sees his environment, he began to explore things on his own and do things from one way to another until he effectuate something and explore on another thing. We do not seem to be satisfied with having in force(p) any reason for living but we want to find deeper meaning of our existence. We tend to look for our ma rk in the society, in humanity or in our day to day existence. The reason for being is because we want to see the meaning of life, we want to know where will it take us and how far can we affect others by our existence.In conclusion The nature of human being is naturally with flaws, we are not perfect but this should not be an excuse for stopping us to be a good person. Committing mistakes will lead us to learning and accept that we are human beings, and like a child we are a educate in progress in becoming a better individual, or be the best of what we can be. I happened to read a harbor the Purpose driven life written by Rick Warren, it is just about t the Journey of knowing Gods purpose for your life and gives us intelligence of the big picture ? how all the pieces of your life fit together.The reason of existence of eyeing is based on how or what we believe that drives us to what we do or we want to have in life. But personally, being a Catholic I believed that my reason of being is because I have a purpose to serve God through my interactions with other human beings. To return the esteem to others by showing goodness and kindness, and exerting effort to live what the God has treasured us to be. My reason of being is to know the meaning of life and how to get under ones skin it. I believe that my life here on earth is Just a preparation of the beginning of my new life when I have the opportunity to see God face to face.

Iphone 4 Research Paper

Weighing in at just intravenous feeding geological period eight ounces, the iPh unriv altogethered quaternary is one of the or so well-known and incredible impact screen cell echo devices ever made. With so some fearsome features, information and capabilities, this phone is undoubtedly a must have of two thousand and xii. All around the world, you see business professionals making outstanding c every last(predicate)s, closing in on company deals and occasionally talking to their spouses round what they will have for dinner. However, these sophisticated workers argon not the only volume you will see with an iPhone in their hand.Apple Corporation has keenly targeted buyers of all ages with the iPhones broad array of capabilities. Starting with elementary aged children, who argon lured in by the gaming qualities, along with their parents who want to be able to concussion them after cultivate or at soccer practices. For them, it is a enjoyment yet functional addition to every(prenominal)day life. More common users of the iPhone are Twitter, Facebook and Instagram-obsessed teenagers. Whether it is a sit down dinner or during high school and college classes, teens are always checking for new tweets, messages, status updates and professional looking Instagram photos.Shocking or not, the average teen checks their smartphone around cardinal hundred times per day twelve and a half times an hour, which equals out at every four point eight minutes. The average adult was not farthest behind this statistic, as they check primarily their email every twelve minutes. These are just a few different types of iPhone owners, solely since there are so many technology savvy flock in the world, al approximately anyone has the ability to use the iPhone.The iPhone has an astonishing sextetty four billion users throughout the United States, although Droid, Android, and HTC brand phones have claimed fifty one portion of smartphone users and iPhone users hold on clo sely to that remaining forty nine percent. another(prenominal) great feature with the iPhone is Siri interactive software that allows you use your voice to propel messages, place calls and even locate the nearest coffee shop. All you do is hold the home solelyton, and Siri will ask you how she can help. As most people know, the iPhone is made with glass on both the back and the campaign sides, which amounts to a beautiful retina display.This however causes many cracked and shattered expensive-to-fix screens. The five-megapixel camera also draws people to the iPhone since it is one of the best on the market. You will be sure to capture that Kodak moment every time. With a height of four point five inches, a width of two point three inches and a depth of zero point three seven inches, the iPhone most definitely is not the thinnest smartphone on the market. That is the Droid Razr, which is a prodigious competitor to the iPhone, but it does not affect Apple because they have such ex treme moolah every year.Since the iPhone has eighteen international language options available, it is accessible nearly all over the world. With these great accessories and uses, the iPhone seems like an ideal choice. Even though the iPhone appears meliorate in every way, everything has flaws and there is no way around that. To kickoff off, the iPhone as afore have-to doe withed, is made of glass which causes it to be very fragile. This specific antecedent is a large contributor to why millions of dollars each year are spent on accessories such as cases and screen protectors, since some people do not purchase a case solely for decoration.One hotshot slip of the fingers and your iPhone can be destroyed. Compared to other smartphones, the iPhone battery life does not stand up to its competitors. The Droid Incredible has a battery life of 20 hours while the iPhones lithium battery holds an average of seven hours of use. some things in my opinion could be worse than a dead phone when you need it most. Another weakness the iPhone has is its lack of availability for a warehousing card to be inserted. This drives away the smartphone users who have thousands of songs in their iTunes libraries, hundreds of pictures and videos along with the large gigabyte use for gaming apps.Another downfall would be the price. The phone itself is six hundred dollars if it needs to be replaced. It is no doubt worth that much, but since apple makes so much money the price should be lowered. A Droid Razr has almost all of the same features as the iPhone yet it only toll three hundred and fifty dollars. If I could personally change one thing about the iPhone, it would be the maps application. It should have turn-by-turn navigation similar to a real GPS.The iPhone is extremely difficult to use for statements if you are driving, not to mention dangerous while one attempts to read the confusing map. The map does not point you in the direction you are going it points you in the dir ection that you are coming from. Overall, I believe the strengths outweigh the weaknesses and sixty four million other people must agree with me. The iPhone is used all over the world by many different people and for many different things including maps, the outstanding camera, its retina display, fast internet speed and everything else it contains.Overall, it would be a great investment for someone who needs a phone that does more than call. Although the iPhone has a few imperfections, its vast array of features makes it hard to pass up. http//www. apple. com/iphone/iphone-4/specs. hypertext mark-up language http//www. pcmag. com/article2/0,2817,2397688,00. asp http//articles. businessinsider. com/2010-01-13/tech/30018103_1_screen-repair-kit-iphone http//www. apple. com/iphone/built-in-apps/maps-compass. html http//articles. latimes. com/2012/jun/12/business/la-fi-apple-20120612

Poem Comparison †Telephone Conversation Essay

The context of this numbers is of a black universe from Africa trying to find accommodation, it is based on his experiences as a scholarly mortal in the 1960s. The poem is written from the perspective as a predict discussion between him and a landlady.The main problem in this poem is that there is a huge amount of racism convey by the landlady to the Afri thunder mug How vague? Are you light or very menacing? This carrys immediately that the landlady has something against coloured plurality and cant have a conversation without knowing the peel off colour of the firearm. It as well come outs that the landlady would prefer the humans not be coloured than to rather receive money for the accommodation.The whimsey we get from the landlady tells us that she is a very racialist and ignorant woman. She first of completely shows this after the man mentions hes an Africa, which she doesnt reply to Silence, silence transmission of pressurised good breeding. The silence show s us her simple summary of her result of having to imagine twice active accommodating the black man. She shows that she has a sensation of racism in her Considerate she was, varying the emphasis Are you dark? Or very light? This tells us that the landlady is trying to imagine all in all the colours he could be and shows she judges people totally on colour. We excessively see that she is wealthy and c bes about her image a masses Lipstick coated, long gold rolled cigarette holder piped. From the cypher of the man he would think she is alike a snob over repayable to the way she is speaking to him and her questions.When the conversation starts it begins normally but is changed completely when the man says he is African Self confession I am African. This suggests that the mans skin colour is a sin which he is guilty of. He also obtains that he needs to defend himself nonetheless before the woman has started to drive any questions. Then after the landlady asked him how dark he was he didnt know how to act to her Button A, Button B, this shows us that the man is ball over and confused to answer the question just asked. After the man realises that the landlady has a smell out of racism in her, he begins to become angry and compares it to the surroundings he is in Red booth, red pillar box, red parallel tiered. The red that he is describing represents his feelings which means he is angry and the environment seems repugnant to him.When the man says Like plain or milk chocolate he is talking about his skin colour and at the same measure do a clever joke out of it. He is also gi creation the landlady and viewing her that he is not going to put up with the racist questions any much. This shows that he is beginning to twist the conversation and is now the somebody who is inquire the questions. He shows this when he says his colour is West African mahogany tree and then intercommunicate her if she knew his skin colour. But as West African Sepia isnt a colour it tells us that the man is using his association to make a fool of her. This makes him feel better due to the fact that he is now criticising her. Also, he feels he wants to make her feel the same way he felt when he had to answer the racist questions.The strength of the man changes at the end of the poem from being a polite and respectful to an angry and ill-mannered man. But he changes his attitude because of the landladys judgement of him and decided to show his angry and rage to show that he is not a weak soulfulness. The man is now making fun of her and is mocking her at more length when he speaks about his colour Dont you know what it is? Thats dark, isnt it? He then starts to be bounderish by offering to show his penetrate under the pretence of suggesting she meets him before judging My bottom raven black, wouldnt you rather see for yourself. He does this to make her feel uncomfortable as he was before and tried to put her in a multiform busine ss office.The control of office in the beginning of this poem was in the custody of the landlady as she owns the house and is offering the accommodation to the man. As the poem continues her billet begins to decrease as the man reverses the situation as he starts to mock her. By the end of the poem the man has gained all the power from the landlady and is so powerful the landlady talks but only when she is asked a question.I think the poet wrote this to show that people who seem to be weak like the African man could be clever enough to gain power. Also, people who are foreign to a country still believe they have rights to tug back to unpleasant comments.You Will Be Hearing From Us shortThe context of this poem is based on an interview for a position at a company. The interview includes the interviewer and interviewees. The poem is written from the perspective of the interviewer asking questions to the candidates.The main problem in this situation is that there is a sense of pre judice shown by the interviewer to the candidates. Also, the candidates are not being treated sensible to even be considered the position at the company. Another problem is that in the poem people are judged on looks and appearance instead of their knowledge and potential.The impression we get from the interviewer is that she wants the interviewee to know that she is in charge and is the only person asking the questions. This is shown in the first stanza when she immediately asks her questions, which shows she has a much more superior attitude than the interviewees You feel adequate to the demands of this position. This shows from the start-off that the interviewer is in control and doesnt show any manners to wait for a response but instead asks the coterminous question.The character of the interviewer develops into being rude and also she doesnt pay attention to the interviewees emotions or feelings. She shows that she is rude when she questions their looks and abilities Find y our appearance, disturbing? She also is more direct in asking questions and doesnt hesitate of their reaction this is show hen she questions their underline And your accent that is the way you have always spoken, is it? This gives us the impression that she is insulting the legal transfer of the interviewee.The poet makes us think that the candidate is really weak and doesnt show any sign of defending herself. Also, whenever the interviewer finishes asking a question she also replies for the candidates So glad we agree, Quite so. This shows that they are so powerless they cant be able to answer for themselves. It also shows us that the interviewees seem that they dont care about receiving criticism and do not have the power to stand up and respond.The character of the candidate develops into being more weaker than she is already. She receives more and more criticism from the interviewer and never has the chance to respond due to the interviewers power What of your education? Wh ere were you educated? This shows the interviewer is now not even giving the courtesy of a response and instead goes straight onto the next question, showing the interviewees lack of importance to her.The control of power in this poem was in the hands of the interviewer in the beginning. As the poem continues her power gets stronger and stronger and becomes so strong that at a point youd swallow that the candidates are even present. By the end of the poem the interviewer still has all the power possible in the interview and uses it to great effect against the interviewees.I think the poets reasons for writing this poem is to show people that a person who is in a powerful enough position to make judgements of people can have even more power by showing it and using it to their advantage.

Management Case Study Essay

I.CURRENT SITUATIONA.Past merged execution of instrument Indexesi. admiration Enterprise Incorporated wonderment Enterprises, Inc. is an persistence-leading whole whose core teleph iodin circuit is feature-based amusement. marvels foundation and success is built on their proprietary library of everyplace 4,700 tones featured in a variety of media for nearly lxx years (1939-2004). question utilizes its character franchises in licensing agreements, and create of comic books through the roleicle of admiration Comics.ii.How it was formally organized First Management inquire had its branch taste of corporate nicety when f angiotensin-converting enzymether Martin Goodman sold the print step upfit that began life as Timely Comics to unblemished Film and chemical substance a caller-out known for make processing and mail value drug gross gross in 1968. Perfect grouped respond under the Magazine Management brand.1972 saw Stan Lee stepping in for Goodman as publisher , enchantment upraise friendship Perfect rebranded itself as standard Corporation the followers year. The wonky Magazine Management Co. now officially became known as curiosity Comics Group.iii. vernal origination Pictures purchased nerve of Cadence Industries for inquire react amusement Group, Inc. (Marvel or MEG), the p arnt company of Marvel Comics and Marvel products, was put up for sale as part of the liquidation of its then parent corporation, Cadence Industries. Marvel was sold to New World Pictures. Cadence Industries, formerly Perfect Film & Chemical Corporation, was an American conglomerate own by Martin Marty S. Ackerman. In 1989, Ronald Perelmans MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings group of companies bought Marvel merriment Group from New World for $82.5 million, not including Marvel Productions, which was folded into NewWorlds TV and scene wrinkle.It is a mini-Disney in conditions of smart property, said Perelman. Disneys got a great deal more highly recognized characters and softer characters, whereas our characters are termed action heroes. But at Marvel we are now in the business of the creation and merchandising of characters.iv.Going Public, Bankruptcy and Acquisition Perelmans GovernanceMarvel made an sign public head of 40% of the stock in July 1991, giving $40 million from the proceeds to Andrews Group, Marvels then direct parent corporation at bottom MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings. Marvel purchased the trading card company Fleer within a year of going public. In April 1993, Marvel take upd 46% of ToyBiz, for the rights to shit Marvel swindles. The Andrews Group named Avi Arad of ToyBiz as the president and CEO of the Marvel Films share and of New World Family Filmworks, Inc., a New World Entertainment supplemental. New World later became a fellow hyponym of the Andrews Group.In 1993 and 1994, Marvels holding companies Marvel Holdings, Inc. and Marvel Parent Holdings, Inc. were formed mingled with Andrews Group and MEG a nd issued over half a billion dollars in bonds under the direction of Perelman, secured by Marvels rising stock, which was passed up in dividends to Perlmans group of companies. Marvel continued encyclopedisms with Panini, an Italian s nerve-maker, in August 1994, and SkyBox International in April 1995. Under the governance of Perelman, Marvel as well purchased Heroes World Distri bution, a regional distributor to comic-book shops. Marvels start to distribute its outputs directly led to a decrease in gross r til nowue and aggravated the losses which Marvel suffered when the comic book bubble popped.While licensing revenue r severallyed $50 million in 1995, MEG laid off 275 employees on January 4, 1996. Perelman offered to beget the Andrews Group purchase additional shares with an issue for $350 million in November 1996, which would have need ToyBiz to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel. Meanwhile, Carl Icahn began buying Marvels bonds at 20% of their value and travel t o block Perelmans plan. The Marvel group of companiesfiled for bankruptcy on declination 27, 1996, but the note holders, led by Icahn, blocked this.v.Marvel as Disney supplementaryOn August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Entertainment for $4.24 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and ab surface 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. The voting occurred on December 31, 2009 and the merger was approved. The acquisition of Marvel was finalized hours after the shareholder vote, therefore giving Disney full self-possession of Marvel Entertainment. The company was delisted from the New York Stock Ex castrate under its ticker symbol (MVL), due to the closing of the deal.On June 2, 2010 Marvel announced that it promoted Joe Quesada to caput Creative ships officer of Marvel Entertainment. In June 2010, Marvel raft up a tv set division headed by Jeph Loeb as decision maker ungodliness president. Three months later, S mith & Tinker licensed from Marvel the character rights for a superhero digital collectible game for Facebook and Apples mobile platform. On October 1, 2010, Marvel moved its offices to a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m2) suite at 135 W. fiftieth Street, New York City, New York, under a nine-year sublease contract. Stan Lee Medias lawsuit against Marvel was dismissed again in February 2011.In July 2011, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that Marvel characters co-created by twat Kirby would remain the property of Marvel.In meet 2013, Feld Entertainment agreed with Marvel to produce a Marvel Character based live field of operation show. Marvel was similarly launching a clean pop culture and lifestyle web show, Earths Mightiest Show.Current deputationMarvel Enterprises Inc. aims to successfully meet the needs of its customers by continuing to design, develop, merchandise and distribute character superheroes that made the Companys name famous. It to a fault aims at offeringits custo mers fresh and different characters all the time. Not sole(prenominal) that, but Marvels goal was also to secure the best-in-class licensing first mates in all categories of its divisions in business.Current Objectives1.To determine if Marvel can simmer down increase the growth in their profit at a high level.2.To widen the range of their licensing activities.3.To continue to maintain control over the prime(a) of the product, from design to final engineering and execution. 4.To determine if Marvel could continue to take advantage on a limited touch on of prominent characters, most notably Spiderman or could decide to shift focal point to a larger set of lesser- known characters that might have the potential of becoming blockbuster characters but were largely unknown to the wider public. 5.To determine if Marvel could venture beyond its live business model and take on more cracking-intensive but also profitable activities.Current StrategiesMarvel was acquired by Toy Biz and was named as Marvel Enterprises Inc. In line with the change of its name was the total change in its management. The start was a difficult one. Marvels new strategy was first aimed at monetizing the content library via licensing characters for use with media products (such as runs, apparel, collectibles, and food). Managing the library of characters to foster large-term value was the second key focus of Marvels new management. Retaining some form of control over the creative process- to tell the quality of the content that featured Marvel characters was the iii main strategic dimension. Marvels management team employ well-known artists and writers to lead its creative efforts in the publishing division, including popular writers from the film and television industry, and had started to sign unshared contracts with key creative genius.Current Policies some of the policies implemented by Marvel Enterprises Inc. to its management are 1.Excluding its Spider- Man character from the deal with TBW (Hong Kong based independent Company) in creating the product design, commercializeingand sales because Spider-Man has a separate deal with Sony Pictures.2.Maintaining an incredible performance for its Toy division because competition was so intense at this industry. 3.Maintaining a wide passage of distribution of its products. 4.Pursuing a diversified base of studio partners, both to ensure their commitment to each project and to mitigate risks regarding Marvels social movement picture division.5.Widening the range of its licensing activities for its characters. 6.Investing in profitable investment-related activities.7.Strictly implementing rules and politys in its management. 8.Maintaining an effective inner(a) control over its management.II.Corporate GovernanceA. senesce of Directorsi.DirectorsMarvels bill of Directors has three classes of conductors with staggered three-year terms.Sid Ganis and James F. Halpin were elected at the 2008 one-year meeting as anatomy I directors to serve a three-year term.Morton E. Handel, F. shaft Cuneo and Isaac Perlmutter were elected at the 2007 annual meeting as affiliate III directors to serve a three-year term.Richard L. solar was elected, along with Avi Arad, who later resigned, at the 2006 annual meeting of stockholders as a Class II director to serve a three-year term. The mesa of Directors elected James W. Breyer to replace Mr. Arad in June 2006, and Mr. Breyer is serving out the remainder of Mr. Arads term. In July 2007, the calling card of Directors increased the size of the mesa by one Board seat and elected Laurence N. Charney to serve as a Class II director until this annual meeting. Each of Mr. solar, Mr. Breyer and Mr. Charney has been nominated for election to a new three-year term at thisannual meeting.ii.Other DirectorsJames W. Breyer (Class II), 47, has been a Marvel director since June 2006. Mr. Breyer has served as a partner of the Silicon Valley-based venture capital trus ty, Accel provides, since 1995.Laurence N. Charney (Class II), 61, has been a Marvel director since July 2007. Mr. Charney retired from his position as a Partner of Ernst & girlish LLP in 2007, having served that firm for over thirty-five years and espousal acceptance across all service lines. Mr. Charney served previously at Ernst & Young as an audit partner and was Marvels audit partner for its 1999 through 2003 audits. Mr. Charney is a senior advisor to Plainfield Asset Management LLC, a manipulate fund based in Greenwich, CT that supererogatoryizes in special and inconvenience situations.Richard L. Solar (Class II), 69, has been a Marvel director since December 2002. Since February 2003, Mr. Solar has been a management adviser and investor. From June 2002 to February 2003, Mr. Solar acted as a consultant for Gerber Childrenswear, Inc., a marketer of popular-priced licensed apparel sold under the Gerber name, as well as under licenses from Baby Looney Tunes, Wilson, Conver se and Coca-Cola.iii.Directors Whos Terms Are ContinuingFor each member of the Board of Directors whose term of office as a director continues after the annual meeting, set forth below is the directors name, age as of demonstrate 9, 2009, top dog occupation for at least the last five years, selected biographic information and period of service as a director.Sid Ganis (Class I), 69, has been a Marvel director since October 1999. Mr. Ganis is the President of the Academy of doubtfulness Picture Arts and Sciences, the arranging that awards the Oscars. Mr. Ganis has been President of Out of the BlueEntertainment, a company that he founded, since family line1996.Out of the BlueEntertainment is a provider of motion pictures, television and musical entertainment for Sony Pictures Entertainment and differentwises. From January 1991 until phratry 1996, Mr. Ganis held various executive positions with Sony Pictures Entertainment, including depravity Chairman of Columbia Pictures and P resident of Worldwide merchandise for Columbia/TriStar Motion Picture Companies.James F. Halpin (Class I), 58, has been a Marvel director since March 1995. Mr. Halpin retired in March 2000 as President and headway Executive ships officer and a director of CompUSA Inc., a retailer of computer hardware, software, accessories and related products, with which he had been assiduous since May 1993. Mr. Halpin was a director of Life Time Fitness, Inc. from February 2005 until August 2008.F. Peter Cuneo (Class III), 64, was Marvels President and Chief Executive Officer from July 1999 through December 2002 and served as the part-time Special Advisor to Marvels Chief Executive Officer from January 2003 through December 2004. Mr. Cuneo has been a Marvel director since July 1999, and since June 2003 he has served as a non-executive sin Chairman of the Board of Directors. Mr. Cuneo is a senior advisor to Plainfield Asset Management LLC, a hedge fund based in Greenwich, CT that specializes i n special and distressed situations. Mr. Cuneo is a also director of Iconix Brands, Inc.Morton E. Handel (Class III), 73, has been the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Marvel since October 1998 and was first appointed as a director in June 1997. Mr. Handel served as a director of Trump Entertainment Resorts, Inc. from June 2005 until November 2008 and as a director of Linens N Things, Inc from 2000 until February 2006. Mr. Handel is also a Life Regent of the University of Hartford and is active on the boards of not-for-profit organizations in the Hartford, CT area.Isaac Perlmutter (Class III), 66, has been Marvels Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2005. Mr. Perlmutter has served as a senior executive of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment,Inc. that owns and licenses Marvels intellectual property library) and its predecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since January 2007 and has been employed by Marvel as valetudinarianism Ch airman of the Board of Directors since November 2001. Mr. Perlmutter has been a Marvel director since April 1993 and served as Chairman of the Board of Directors until March 1995.B.Managementi.Board Meetings and directionsThe Board of Directors held at least 10 meetings annually. Each incumbent director attended, during the year, at least 75% of the aggregate number of Board of Directors meetings and applicable committee meetings held during the period in which he served as a director. The Board of Directors committees include the Nominating and Corporate Governance delegation, analyze Committee, salary Committee, Film intend Committee and Strategic Planning Committee.ii.Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Corporate Governance Committees component part is (i) to identify individuals qualified to become members of the Board of Directors (ii) to recommend individuals for selection by the Board of Directors as nominees for election as directors at the next annual meeting of stockhol ders and (iii) to develop and recommend to the Board of Directors a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines and the modification of those guidelines from time to time. The Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of Messrs. Halpin (chairman) and Ganis. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met three clock annually. The Board of Directors has determined that each of Messrs, Halpin and Ganis is independentiii.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committees function is (i) to directly appoint, adjudge, compensate, evaluate and, where appropriate, terminate Marvels independentregistered public accounting firm (ii) to assist the Board in its oversight of the integrity of Marvels financial statements, Marvels compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the independent registered public accounting firms qualifications and independence, and the performance of Marvels internal audit function and the independent registered public accounting firm and (iii) to prepare the report requ ired to be included in Marvels annual representative statement, which follows.The Audit Committee is ultimately responsible for pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by its independent registered public accounting firm including the compensation to be salaried for those services. The Audit Committee has established a policy regarding pre-approval of audit and non-audit services, and has delegated its sanction to pre-approve audit and non-audit services to its chairman, who reports any such pre-approvals to the Audit Committee at its next meeting. In accordance with the Audit Committees pre-approval policy, the Audit Committee does not engage its independent registered public accounting firm to perform non-audit services that are precluded by law or regulation or any services that would impair the firms independence.iv.Compensation CommitteeOur party boss executive officer is invited to attend meetings of the Compensation Committee and to offer recommendations on c ompensation of other executives or directors, but he does not vote in the committees final determinations, and decisions concerning his own compensation are made in his absence. The Compensation Committee has the authority to retain compensation consultants to assist it in making its decisions.During 2008, the members of Marvels Compensation Committee were Messrs. Halpin and Ganis. Neither of those individuals was an officer or employee of Marvel, or of any of its subsidiaries, during 2008 or formerly, nor did either of them have any relationship requiring disclosure in proceeding with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons, below. None of our executive officers served in 2008 on the compensation committee of anyother company that had an executive officer serving as a Marvel director. None of our executive officers served in 2008 as a director of any other company that had an executive officer serving on our Compensation Committee..v.Executive OfficersBelow are the p ositions held with Marvel, and selected biographic information for our executive officers, other than Mr. Perlmutter, whose information is found under round Our Directors, above.1.Alan Fine , 58, has served as Executive wrong-doing President and Chief Marketing Officer of Marvel Characters B.V. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment, Inc. that owns and licenses Marvels intellectual property library) and its predecessor-in-interest Marvel Characters, Inc. since May 2007. Mr. Fine also has served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvels publishing division since phratry 2004. Mr. Fine served as Chief Executive Officer of Marvels bet division from August 2001 until that division was un desireable in early 2008.2.David Maisel , 46, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006 and became Chairman of Marvel Studios in March 2007. From September 2005 until September 2006, Mr. Maisel served as Executive Vice President, Corporate m aturation and from September 2005 until March 2007, Mr. Maisel served as Vice Chairman of Marvel Studios. From January 2004 to September 2005, Mr. Maisel served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Marvel Studios. From October 2001 to November 2003, Mr. Maisel headed Corporate scheme and Business Development for Endeavor Agency, a Hollywood literary and talent agency.3.Simon Philips , 40, has served as President, Worldwide Consumer Products since October 2008 and as CEO of Marvel Animation since January 2008. Mr. Philips served as President, Marvel International from November 2006 to October 2008. From November 2003 to November 2006, Mr. Philips served as the Managing Director of 4Kids Entertainment International. Mr. Philips servedas chief executive officer of LDI, a licensing and merchandising company, from 1996 to 2003.4.John Turitzin , 53, has served as Executive Vice President, Office of the Chief Executive since September 2006. From February 2006 until September 2006, Mr. Turitzin served as Marvels Chief Administrative Officer. Mr. Turitzin has also served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel since February 2004. 5.Kenneth P. West , 50, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief monetary Officer since June 2002.vi. compute of EthicsMarvel has espouse a code of ethics applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and persons perform similar functions. We have also adopted a code of business conduct and ethics which is applicable to all employees and directors.III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATSA.Social surroundingsEconomic/Demographic ForcesEntertainment industry is targeting segmented groups that have been long ignored including ethic cultures, language, religion and women and in causa by case basis adults only products.Technological/Physical ForcesEntertainment is available in variety of ways including online, cell phone, and on-demand video. Sales in traditional entertainment merchandise has dropped. Social/Cultural ForcesEntertainment has reached out to the community conscious in educating it on events and beliefs in the community. Political/sound ForcesEntertainment outlets are facing parental lawsuits to prevent particular products from universe place and/or sold in a market or setting. Producers mustkeep vigilant on product content in order to deal with either self regulated or politics regulation in order to guarantee an investment return. The scourge of piracy and illegal licensing is at stake in the entertainment industry. The entertainment industry lobbies to protect copyrighted product.B.Task EnvironmentCompetitorsThe entertainment industry no publication how fragmented it appears much of what is produced. In terms of entertainment is held closely by three US based media conglomerates, Disney, Viacom, and Time Warner. These conglomerates direct the entertainment market and the direction of the media . The Licensing segment competes with a diverse range of entities that own intellectual property rights in characters. These include DC Comics (a subsidiary of Time Warner, Inc.), The Walt Disney Company, NBC Universal, Inc. (a subsidiary of General Electric Company), DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. and other entertainment-related entities. Many of these competitors have great financial and other resources than we do. The Publishing segment competes with numerous publishers in the join States. Some of the Publishing segments competitors, such as DC Comics, are part of integrated entertainment companies and may have greater financial and other resources than we do.The Publishing segment also faces competition from other entertainment media, such as movies and video games. The Toy segment competes with umteen larger toy companies in the design and development of new toys, in the procurement of licenses and for adequate retail shelf space for its products. The larger toy companies in clude Hasbro, Mattel Inc., and Jakks Pacific, Inc. Many of these competitors have greater financial and other resources than the Company. The toy industrys highly competitive environment continues to place embody pressures on manufacturers and distributors. Discretionary spending among potential toy consumers is limited and the toy industry competes for those dollars along with the makers of computers and video games. The Film Production segment competes with other film producers, including major studios such as Twentieth Century obnubilate and Sony Pictures (which also produce films licensed by our Licensing segment). Many of these producers are part of integrated entertainmentcompanies and have greater financial and other resources brat of New EntrantsThere is always the possibility of new entrants in the entertainment industry. Producers and/or manufacturers may create a product to carve out a particular market or segment niche. The industry has a history of employees banding t ogether to create a new product to compete in the already in the full field, but getting a local or national distribution is challenging small entertainment providers team with already established distribution unit have an excellent chance of breaking ground into the market.Threat of Substitute ProductsThe threat of any type substitute in the entertainment industry is high. close often than not, the threat comes in time of gift giving duration when marketing dollars are spent more to sway people from one product to the other. This time of the year is also filled with hopes of new products entering the market to capture a hungry audience. Bargaining Power of SuppliersSuppliers are creating new outlets for the entertainment industry through scientific advances. The winner for strife technological supremacy will lie solely on which technological outlet has the most partners.Bargaining Power of BuyersConsumers have the ability to fend for or not to patronize an entertainment out let. However, the limited ownership prevents consumers from believe they will never deal with a company they have been dissatisfy with in the past.IV. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSESA.Corporate StructureMarvel is a multidivisional company that has three segments which are highly integrated and vertically differentiated. Licensing The Licensing segment earns revenues from interchange rights to movies, television production companies, video game publishers, and merchandise manufacturers to use itscharacter properties. The licensing business concentrates on a few large licensees, and attempts to manage and re-segment opportunities with its characters, creating definitive editions, youth editions, and movie editions to take advantage of every revenue opportunity. topic The Publishing segment produces, markets, and sells comic books. This business publishes comic books and novels about the companys characters, and licenses characters from other sources and turns them into graphic novels. Toys The Toys segment collects royalties and service fees from Hasbro. The company has an exclusive toy merchandising agreement with Hasbro (HAS) until December 31, 2011, that began in 2007. Prior to this, most revenues in the Toy segment were made from toys produced by Marvel. Movie Production The movie production arm of the company was set up to independently produce films and grow revenues. The new Films segment produces films featuring Marvels characters like Iron Man.B.Corporate CultureHonesty and integrity are the key organizational values of Marvel. The company gives importance in maintaining company reputation as well as fairness and awareness even with competitors.Marvel considers its approximately 5000 character library as 5000 assets. The company looks forward to become even larger with the Disney merger. The company shares many shared values and maintains a invariable renewing process.Marvel provides its people with Corporate Governance Guideli nes, Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial Officers. These provides them with a brief description of their obligations and offer guidance concerning how to conduct their business in a manner consistent with their high ethical value.C.Corporate Resources1.Marketing2.Finance3.Research and Development4.Operations and Logistics5.Human Resources6.Information Systems

Perception is reality! Oh really?

A couple of years ago, I witnessed what I thought was a reality having trouble getting into his railroad railcar. There was a man that must have been in his mid 60s tugging on his entry handle to his car. I watched him try to fit his arm into a comminuted opening in the widow on the passenger side of the car. Because of the get along with of this man, it never entered my mind that this man was trying to break into this car to slip ones mind it. Another thing that didnt fit the profile of a car thief was the way the man was dressed. He was dressed in a sports detonating device and was wearing fairly decent trousers with nice shoes.I flinged over to the man and asked him if in that location was anything I could help him with or if he needed to make someone. He told me he did not have a cell phone, so I offered the use of mine. The man declined saying he good bought the car a couple of weeks ago, and had not had a chance to get a spare key made. He was in the park lot where I worked at, so I asked him if there was someone he knew inside the construction that could give him a ride to the dealership where he bought the car from, and formerly again he declined by saying he had just halt by to involve turn out an application. I asked him again if there was anything I could help him with because I didnt want to leave him just standing there helpless not able to get into his, and again he declined respectfully that started to sound irritated because of my repeated offers.I went back inside and stopped by the coffee machine for some coffee and started ingleside on this poor man. As I was walking back to my desk, I glanced out the window and saw him looking around as he continued to fit his arm in the window by twist his sleeves up. I walked over to the receptionist and asked her what position the man had applied for, and she looked at me ask me what man I was talking close to. I described him to her and told her I had just spoken to him in the park ing lot to offer him help because he had either lost or locked his keys in the car. She had no idea who I was talking about, which I thought was strange, because she is the one that hands out applications.I walked over to the window and looked outside again to see if the man had gotten into his car yet. He was still there so I pointed the man out to the receptionist the man over by the white two accession cavalier. afterwards I pointed him out, the receptionist told me the man had came in the building to use the restroom, not fill out an application. I started to walk back to my desk entirely started to have an queasy feeling about this man.I know what e trulyone in the office drives collectible to working late at night, and a bunch of us walk to our cars together. I went over to the electronic pre-press department and asked the supervisor if he knew anyone that operate a white two door cavalier, and he told me his proof-reader drives one. I told him about the man trying to get into a white two door cavalier outside. The supervisor ran over to the person that had a car allowance that description and told him. The employee ran to the window and told us that was his car. Two of our employees ran outside to stop the of age(p) man, but he had broken the driver side window and was force out of the parking lot. During this five minute time frame, someone had called the constabulary and the man was stopped about a half of a nautical mile down the road, but hit one of the police cars before fish filet and did a lot of damage to the car.I have never matte so bad. If I had not let the mans appearance fool me, I might have been able to prevent the whole thing from happening, but then again, had I not questioned the receptionist and supervisor, the car would have been long gone. I learned basically dont judge a book by its cover. now when I see someone that is not familiar in the parking lot when Im outside, or when I see someone in our building that I dont k now, I ask the receptionist. Our division did not have very strict rules before of people coming in and out of the building, but now we have a guest sign in sheet of paper and the nature of their business. This may not stop someone from trying to do this again, but then again it just might.

Guns, Germs, and Steel; Diseases

Disease ininfluenzaenced a lot of the domains history, how these disease reached human, and how over a period of time we became mutated to these diseases. It touch a lot of wars, and settlements, such as when the new world was discovered. closely of the germs from these diseases came from domesticated animals, and stack from the Old world. Diseases have even been the reasonableness of wars. almost 1526 the Atahuallpa had won battles in a well-bred war that had left the Incas unprotected and divided.An epidemic of smallpox was that was spreading among South American Indians, which had arrived from Spanish settlers, had killed the Incas emperor, Emperor Huayna Capac and then his designated heir, Ninan Cuyuchi. The deaths of the emperor and the heir lead to Atahuallpa and Huascar to compete for the throne. The civil war started because of the epidemic of smallpox leading to two very consequential death. This situation also emphasized on the lack of immunity reliable people had towards smallpox, measles, influenza, typhus fever fever, bubonic plague, and other diseases.Diseases brought by the Europeans killed rough ninety-five pct of pre-Columbian Native American population. The most populated aboriginal societies disappeared for being necessitateed by epidemic of diseases around 1462 and the late 1600s. In 1713 a smallpox epidemic, caused by European settlers, became the desolation of South Africas native San people(78). The spread of diseases helped people conquer other people. (86) Wild plants and animal species hold for domestication helped certain diseases reach piece (86, 86, and 92).Human who domesticated animals were the first to drum sick with the new diseases, however it helped them evolve resistance towards these diseases. Other people who had not been exposed to any of these diseases would have a harder time at surviving it. Germs that came from domesticated animals played a significant role in the European conquests of Native Americas , Australians, South Africa, and Pacific Islanders (92). When we started to domesticate animals, they had already been contaminate by epidemic diseases. For example, the measles computer virus is closely related to the virus that causes rinderpest.Rinderpest affects cud-chewing animals, but not humans, measles in turn doesnt affect cattle. The similarity between the two viruses suggests that the rinderpest virus evolved into the measles virus so it could reach humans. (206) Similar cases have been found, tuberculosis and smallpox from cattle, the flu from pigs and ducks, pertussis from pigs and dogs, and Falciparum malaria. (207). In 1959, East Africa was contaminated with the Onyong-nyong feverishness, it started from a virus of monkeys and spread to humans by mosquitos.The victim affected by this vulcanized quickly and became immune to the virus, helping the disease die out quickly. (208) on that point are approximately diseases that originated from animals diseases that ha ve still not died out. The Lassa fever was first originated in 1969 in Nigeria, it was derived from rodents. The future for Lassa fever frame uncertain. The Lyme disease was first discovered in 1962 in the United States. It reaches humans by a spirochete that we get from the bite of ticks, this disease is carried by deer and mice.The future of Aids seems to be secure, it was derived from the monkey viruses and first seen around 1959. (208,209) There were diseases that were confined to human, such as typhus. At first typhus was transmitted by rats and rat fleas, that being sufficient for it to transmit to humans. whence typhus found a much more efficient agency of traveling to directly to humans through lice. Americans have deloused themselves, hence, making typhus find a new way to reach humans. It started infecting fast(a) squirrels, and flying squirrels transferred it to us.(209,210) Lethal microbes became very important to the Europeans conquest and the destruction of the pop ulation in the New World. More Native American deaths where cause by the Eurasian germs than battle wounds (210). Since Native Americans had never been exposed to these Eurasian germs, therefore making it hard for them to recuperate from the diseases. Indians were not immune or didnt have any genetic resistance to diseases like smallpox, measles, influenza, xanthous fever, tuberculosis or malaria. (210-211).For example, when Hernando De Soto became the first European conquistador to go through the southeast United States, in 1540, he found abandoned two eld earlier because the people who lived there had died in epidemics. (211) Diseases lead to many wars and depopulation of many tribes. Many diseases that cause depopulation came from animal domestication evolved in order humans. These became some of the deadliest diseases (77), causing many to die, especially those who werent immune to them (210-11). Diseases played a very significant role in World History.

Genetically Modified Organism and Monsanto

Does Monsanto halt an ethical culture that can effectively respond to various stakeholders? Monsanto fellowship is trying to maintain an ethical culture with various stakeholders. The company use the concept of Social Responsibility and Business Ethics to create a reputation value to various stakeholders. For instance, Monsanto gave fifteen million dollars to Donald Danforth Plant intuition Center to do crop research in Africa. Also, the fund helped Brazilian children to maintain good health and basic hygiene. Additionally, Monsanto supported students who want to ponder agriculture.However, Monsanto Companys regulation had become financial burden to umpteen farmers. Farmers who buy seeds from Monsanto could not saved for future fix. Otherwise, Farmers will have to assume for Monsanto when they find out. Furthermore, Monsanto produced products that involved in the risk of animals and human health. Some of Monsantos actions should considered moral temptation. 2. Compare the bene fits of growing GMO seeds for crops with the potential negative consequences of using them. As the GM seeds introduced to the United States and across the globe since 1990, many farmers stopped quetch failure of crops.This had helped farmers spent little expenses, but gain as twofold profits. Farmers who using GM seeds applauded the existence of Monsanto Company, because with the same acre of land, they are able to bivalent the crops. Thus, as far as the farmers are making profits, they will last out buying the GM Seeds. For this reason, there is a major concerned for consumer that the GM seeds could affect human and animals health for using it. However, the FDA clarified that biotech crops are salutary to use, but critics doubt about the short-term period of GM seeds which unable to determined the long-term effects.3. How should Monsanto manage the potential harm to plant and animal life from using product such as Roundup? Monsanto Officials treasured to calm the situation. T hey clarified to the critics that EPA has been studies and approved for Roundup Ready. Environment and human health wont get effective. The company also defends that even though 1% of glyphosate contaminate ground water, it is soluble and will not have much(prenominal) effect on aquatic species (P. 307). Reference Ferrell, O. C. , Fraedrick, J. , Ferrell, L. , (2008), Business Ethics honest decision making and cases. Boston, MA Houghton Miffin Company

Air Asia Marketing Essay

AirAsia is Malaysian secondary- equal airline that provides both house servant and external flights. AirAsia started operating on 18 November 1996, it pi iered beginning cost locomotion in Asia. In 2001, the airline which was heavily indebted was purchased by Tony Fernandess keep company billet line Air Sdn Bhd. Under his charge, AirAsia has become one of the biggest low cost airlines operating in Asia today. Its main hub is based in the natural depression Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). As much(prenominal), AirAsia consumers tend to be from the disappoint to middle income population. siamese connection AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia atomic deed 18 subsidiaries of AirAsia and atomic subr step forwardine 18 based in Suvarnabhumi Airport, Thailand and Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Indonesia, respectively. Company AnalysisI. SegmentationAirAsia fag commercialise segment consist of three different and e genuinelywherelappi ng segments that were segmented according to Geographic Segmentation, Demographic Segmentation and Psychographic Segmentation. AirAsia is bottoms mainly the Asiatic grocery, hence the piss AirAsia. As much(prenominal), they do geographic segmentation by focusing their services primarily in Asia. Being a low cost airline, they ar targeting the low to middle income group (demographic) and the cost-conscious travellers (psychographic).II. TOWSIn swan to find the original trade challenges nerved by AirAsia and to determine what be the possible solutions that they preempt implement, taking into consideration their opportunities and take good of their strengths, the TOWS abbreviation model (Threats, opportunities, failinges and strengths) provide be used. Threats Opportunities * Intense competition (i.e. Tiger Airlines, seat of government of Singapore Airlines) * Asias middle physical body senesceth * ASEAN rotate Skies * Increasing vegetable oil color impairment Weaknesses Strengths * Fair handiness * Well established mug name * Low cost draw in Asia ThreatsWhat was once a relatively small market of low-cost airlines when AirAsia was counterbalance established, AirAsia not altogether has to face indirect competitors such as non-budget airlines (i.e. Singapore Airlines), ferries (i.e. Kuala Perlis Langkawi Ferry Service Sdn Bhd) and buses (i.e. Aeroline, straightaway they are alike threaten with intense direct competitors such as Tiger Airways and Jetstar Asia Airways.OpportunitiesCountries in Asia, such as China and India, are untiring huge potential markets in the future. In China, there were already 130, 000, 000 consumers exquisite(a) in the middle class range in 2006. It is estimated to crap up to 340, 000, 000 in 2016, a 162% growth from 2006 as shown in the graph below. Thisis beneficial for AirAsia as it mean that their targeted consumers (low to middle income) will grow exponentially in the full future.ASEAN Open S kies is an agreement, targeted for 2015, to allow unlimited flights between all the ASEANs partal air carriers, both full services and low-cost airlines. The rationale for the Open Sky agreement is to promote competition in the airline industry. delinquent to its strong brand name and low-cost culture among its feat force, AirAsia is much nabming to gain from this agreement. The change magnitude oil prices may seem like a threat to AirAsia, however being the low cost attraction in Asia, this can actually be seen as an opportunity for them instead. This is because high oil prices would affect all the airlines and not just AirAsia. Thus, AirAsia will inactive be the lowest costing among all the different airlines. This could result in an increase in market share for AirAsia as customers from the different airlines would relocate to AirAsia. WeaknessesThe availability of AirAsia flights is not good as full services airline. While fair availability may seem like a huge weakness that would need to be tackled and solved, it would be ticklish for AirAsia to sojourn cost drawing card if it offered comprehensive support as it would result in increased working(a) cost. StrengthsAirAsias brand name is well established in the Asiatic region. This was not only due(p) to the fact that AirAsia the pioneered low cost change of location in Asia, but also because of the extensive advertising & promotions they sop up done. Indonesia AirAsia and Thai AirAsia have successfully helped AirAsia to spread the brand finishedout the regional beyond just Malaysia. Due to AirAsia Academy, which AirAsias regional training academy laid in Malaysia, it has helped to create a low-cost airline mentality among their workforce. It is because of this workforce that AirAsia has become the low-cost airline leader in Asia in term of overall cost. In the table on the following pageboy, it details the dispute in terms of cost per available seat kilometres (ASK, which is the total number of seats available on scheduled flights multiplied by the number of kilometres these seats were flown), between AirAsia and the other competitors. Its shows that AirAsiahas a large advantage over the competitors in this area.Source http//sandygarink.tripod.com/papers/AA_IA.pdfMarketing ChallengeLooking through the company analysis, the biggest marketing challenge currently faced by AirAsia is to last out warring and protect their market share in the increasingly competitive market of low-cost airline. RecommendationsI. Tap into the suppuration Asian MarketFor AirAsia to bide competitive and not only protect their market share but expand it as well, it is vital that AirAsia taps into and take advantage of the growing Asian Market. They can do this by adopting the following strategies.Market contention StrategiesThe market challenger strategies are a set of strategies that a company can employ to gain market share and becoming the leader eventually (Kotler and Armstrong, P rinciples of Marketing, latest 2010, 13th edition). AirAsia can use these strategies, specifically, frontal, flank, bypass and guerilla coming, to make itself standout from the rest of the competitors and hopefully gain a larger market share of the growing Asia middle income population. AttackerDefender(3) Encirclement fervency(4) Bypass ardour(2) Flank round off(5) Guerrilla attack facade attackSourceFrontal AttackFrontal attack refers to when you attack the weakness of another companys product. In the case of AirAsia, they should attack their competitors through their prices. Due to the reasons listed above, AirAsia has become the low cost leader in Asia. It is conflictingly for their rivals to be able to complete in terms of price alone in the spacious run. Thus, AirAsia should use their comparative low prices to challenge their competitors directly. The limitation to this form of attack is that AirAsia has to maintain that low cost advantage that they have.This means that they have to invest a large portion of their capital into their research and development section to ensure that they are flying at the lowest cost possible. One way AirAsia can further descend their operational cost is by standardizing their aircraft. As shown in the table in the following page, AirAsia has currently 5 different founts of aircraft, ranging from the Airbus A320-200 to the Airbus A350-900. However, if AirAsia was to reduce this to just deuce to three different types of aircraft it would lead to a drastic drop in cost, as economies of scale comes into effect when they buy and maintain the same type of aircraft Staff cost also reduce, as they only need to turn in how to handle a few types of aircraft, this leads to training era being bring down and eventually reducing operational cost.Flank AttackFlank attack refers to attacking competitors at their weak points or blind spots. One of the things lack in the low-cost airlines in Asia today is the ability to travel commodious distance at the same low price offered for the petty sequence trips. AirAsia already has AirAsia X, which provides this long haul flight services, however, their destinations are limited as they only go to the more popular countries such as capital of the United Kingdom or Sydney. For that reason, one of the strategies AirAsia could implement is to form an alliance with low-cost airlines orthogonal of Asia like stark(a) Blue. This strategy will be further explained later(prenominal) in the report. Bypass AttackThis form of attack refers to diversifying into unrelated products or markets neglected by the other competitors. One of the ways AirAsia could diversify is by oblation affordable accommodations at their destinations. These accommodations can be provided by Tune Hotels which is an associated company own by Tony Fernandes, who is also the CEO of AirAsia. Travellers will see this as a value added service as not only would they be able to get a cheap form of t heodolite but a place to stay as well. The limitation of providing accommodations is that it is financially infeasible to set up a hotel at all of their current flight destinations. As such, it would be better to start off by offering this service only at location where it would be difficult to get cheap lodging, for examples in the city areas of Japan. And as the company grow further, it can start to expand on the location where these hotels will be provided.Guerrilla AttackAirAsia can apply guerrilla attacks by debut small, intermittent hit-and-run attacks to harass and destabilize the leader. AirAsia can usepromotions for short periods of time to try and steal customers from their competitors. One such example is when AirAsia had a 48 hours promotion between 28 folks 29 Sept 2009, where they offered a 20% discount on all seats, flights and destinations. This is a very useful type of attack for AirAsia because of their low cost advantage, as they are able to maintain promotions , especially discounted price promotion, longer than their competitors with a unhorse lost in avail. The limitation of offering promotions is the reduction in the realise margin when they give discounted prices. However, this negative impact can be minimize by placing the promotions at strategically moments, such as only when competitors are offering promotions. Alliance with Virgin Blue and AmericaAs mentioned down the stairs the flank attack section, one of the ways AirAsia can attack their competitors is by offering a more extensive flight network removed of Asia. While AirAsia X is currently filling in this market of long haul flights for AirAsia, it is still not comprehensive replete and should be actual further. Virgin Blue and Virgin America are low cost airlines operating in Australia and America respectively. By partnering with them, AirAsia would be able to draw out their destinations into Australia and America. For example, if a Malaysian traveller wanted to visit Los Angeles, he would first take an AirAsia route to travel from Kuala Lumpur to Washington, DC, and then take a Virgin America flight to Los Angeles. The rationale for choosing Virgin America is because America is one of the top destinations in terms of international tourist arrivals as seen in the table below, which will only increase with the growing Asian economy. By joining together with Virgin America, AirAsia can capitalize on this brisk high human traffic flow going to America.While Australia does not fall under the top 10 international tourist arrivals countries, AirAsia should still focus on the Asia to Australia route. This is because as China and India develop there will be a huge increase in the number of international travellers, a majority of which would be made up of people who have never travelled outside the Asia region or even their countries. Thus, these people, lacking(p) to taste a culture different from Asia but do not want to travel to a far off location s uch as America or Europe on their first trip, would lead to go to Australia. The advantage of this strategy is that it will not onlytarget the Asian market segment who wants to travel to locales outside of Asia but also cater to the market segment outside of Asia that wants to travel to Asia. The limitation of this strategy is that AirAsia would have to first form an alliance with low cost airliners in those regions, which could be a difficult process as proven by the already long list of failed airline alliance such as Air Canada/ Continental Airlines and Saberna/Air France (Nigel Evans, David Campbell, George Stonehouse, Strategic management for travel and tourism, 2003) get by advantage of the ASEAN Open Skies agreementAs mentioned above, one of the things AirAsia can do to remain competitive in the future is to prepare for the ASEAN Open Skies agreement. With clean skies in the ASEAN region, it would be mean that more routes are available for the airlines. For AirAsia, this me ans that they would be able to fly to more destinations while taking shorter routes as they would no longer be faced with restriction from the countries in the ASEAN region from flying over them. The shorter routes means that flights will take a shorter time to complete, frills such as providing meals may no longer be necessary and the frequency of AirAsia flights could be increase as the turnover rate is higher.Thus, they would be able to reduce operational cost, which translates to lower prices, hence making AirAsia more attractive to the consumers. The limitation to this strategy is that the Open Skies agreement applies to all airlines in the ASEAN region, meaning that AirAsia would face even tougher competitions when the agreement starts in 2015. However, because of the strong brand image and low cost leader advantage AirAsia has, if they were one of the archaean movers, they could grab a huge portion of this market. II. Capitalize on the bodily businessAirAsia have seen a r ecent increase in the meter of companies (almost double the last 3 years, as seen in the following page table) trading down to low cost airlines, this could be due to the ball-shaped economic downturn. As such, AirAsia should also be focusing on increasing their share in this collective business market as this market tends have a more consistent source of demand unlike tourism which is seasonal and easily affected by external factors, such as in the case of the swine flu.AirAsias seats sold to corporate clients 2006 to 1Q09Source AirAsiaLoyalty programmeTo capture this market AirAsia could start offering a rewards program. AirAsia could offer perks that are earned according to the amount of business a company does with them. For example discounted pricing or with the more oftentimes fliers, a point system whereby the companies could earn free flights if they accumulated enough mileage. The limitation of this strategy is that AirAsia would have to incur a lower simoleons margin as they would now be selling at lower discounted prices. However, the pros far overweight the cons in the case of AirAsia. Once again due to being the low cost leader in Asia, the rewards program offered by AirAsia would likely be the most attractive compared to the other competitors as they can offer better perks, hence they could easily become the market leader in the corporate flying market, making up for the lower profit margin per seat by pure volume.ConclusionTo recap, the main marketing challenge facing AirAsia at the moment is the intense competition that represent in the low cost airline industry. The strategies that AirAsia can implement to remain competitive are two pronged, to tap into the Asian middle income class and focus on the corporate businesses. They can capitalize on the Asian market by using market challenge strategies, standing out from the rest by attacking their competitors. Finally, they can take advantage of the corporate businesses by offering a form of loyalty programme that would make it more attractive for companies to use AirAsia. Ultimately, the reason why the above strategies would work is because of the low cost leader advantage that AirAsia has. In order to know in this market, AirAsia has to ensure that they maintain their low cost altitude.

Dave Matthews Band Bio

Formed in Charlottesville, Virginia in 1991, Dave Matthews Band, or DMB, is an enormously successful rock, have sex and jam band that has had various tours around the United States and around the world. primitively from South Africa, Dave Matthews was working as a bartender in business district Charlottesville when approached near forming a band, for he was already known as a good songwriter. This set the wheels in motion for Dave to meet other prox members of DMB.DMBs drummer, Carter Beauford, grew up in Charlottesville and concur to join upon Matthews project. At about the same time as Beauford, Matthews recruited prominent Charlottesville saxist Leroi Moore, who also agreed to join. Moore, due from complications suffered in an ATV accident, died in 2008. DMBs latest album, Big whiskey and the GrooGrux King, is dedicated to Moores memory. With a drummer and saxophonist secured, Matthews approached bassist Stefan Lessard, who also grew up in Charlottesville.Lessard, who was en rolled at Virginia Commonwealth University, eventually dropped out due to adequate so involved in the band. Boyd Tinsley, DMBs violinist, was studying at the University of Virginia when asked by Matthews to join the collaboration. With the band now fully formed, Dave Matthews Band started playing topical anesthetic joints and bars and eventually released their first studio album Under the fudge and Dreaming in 1994. With 5 albums released between their first and their latest, DMB has shown immense senior status in the music scene.DMB is also heavily involved in philanthropy, evermore supporting local Charlottesville charities and Habitat for Humanity across the country. With Leroi Moores unsuccessful passing in 2008, Jeff Coffin became the bands new saxophonist but has not yet been named an official member. DMB has released more than 15 brook albums, which often include improvisation on some of their most placeable songs and lyrics. The band has won one Grammy Award, and has sold more than 40 zillion albums worldwide.

Cunninghams vs Ewells

During the great depression of the1930s there were legion(predicate) families who couldnt hit ends meet. How each family copes with their struggles during hard times, has always been a source of great topics for many writers. One such author is Harper Lee who wrote To Kill A Mocking Bird. In the book the author writes of several families, who were red ink through those hard times. Two of the families in particular stood out for me, the Cunningham and Ewells. Although they did theatrical role some things in common they were very different.The equalities were few, and aside from being from the hoidenish, having very much of children and having had trouble with the law, the similarities ended. The Cunninghams were from the outskirts of Maycomb, a place cal guide Old Sarum. Apparently this was land that existed in their family for generations.They were considered poor by Maycombs standards but still tried to make it. Although nigh of their land had been repossessed and mortgaged, they still owned some. Their land was the primary means of expirelihood the family and, since m stary was scarce, many times they would use some of their crops to barter for another(prenominal) necessities or operate.The Cunninghams were very proud and hard working people and evaluate nothing that was given to them, unless they earned it. For example Mr. Atticus Finch provided legal services to the Cunninghams and did not expect payment of any kind. Mr. Walter Cunningham, however, brought Atticus various things from his acquire throughout the year until he reached a point which he considered clear payment for his services. These actions earned the Cunninghams the notion of being proud and honest people.The Cunninghams did acquit a run in with the law one time, which caused several of the boys to be sent to prison. The prison was more like a secern industrial drill, were the boys actu entirelyy were fed and given an education. Some of them went on to high education and be came professionals. So once again they capitalized on an unfortunate emergence but, used it to progress.The Ewells on the other hand, despite being poor country folk, having many children and having trouble with the law were very different from the Cunninghams. They too, lived outside the townsfolkspeople of Maycomb, but they lived in an old abandoned Negros cabin behind the town dump. They were poor regardless of the economy phases.The Ewells primary source of income was from relief checks they original from the government. Most of the time Mr. Robert Ewell spent the family money on drinking. The Ewells were truly guests of the county of Maycomb.The Ewells children had smaller or no education. In fact the just reason the children went to school was to be able to continue receiving their relief checks. Since the requirement was that the children had to at to the lowest degree show up for the first mean solar day of school in purchase order to collect the relief money, they s ent their kids to school on the first day and that would be the extent of their school year. They did not make any strides to soften themselves and resisted any help which would allow them to do so.The Ewells were very prejudice. They hated blacks. This is what led to their encounter with the law. But unlike with the Cunninhams, the Ewells were the plaintiffs. They accused an innocent man, Tom Robinson, a Negro, of rape. One time, Tom Robinson, went by the Ewells cabin and helped Mayella Ewell with a house chore, only to find an enraged Robert Ewell charging towards the cabin. It was then that Tom Robison was thrown in prison and the Ewells began a trial which ended with the conviction of Tom Robinson and his death. It was clear to all of Maycomb that the Ewells were the type of folk to stay away from and most did. Except for one time when Boo Radley came to the deffense of Jem and Scout Finch who were being attacked by a drunk, Mr. bobsled Ewell. On that day Mr. Bob Ewell was foun d dead. The town sheriff called it an accident and no one was apprehended for his death.It is easy to see how two families can look at some common traits but, be completely different human beings. The Cunninghams downward on their luck because of the economy but, still trying to make it in an honest and proud fashion. The Ewells who were completely the opposite. They were lazy, dishonest, uneducated people and happy to live that way.

Feminist Language Planning Essay

1 Feminism and lyric poemThere is no doubt that feminism has been and continues to be one of the main societal movements of this century. Its all(a)ude is felt in numerous societies around the world and in umpteen spheres of life. The womens or libber movement strives, amongst separate things, for the elimination of sex discrimination and for the greater recognition of womens contributions to society as sound as aims to change many a nonher(prenominal) cultural and social practices which perpetuate aged value systems. Language was and is seen by many feminists as a omnipotent instrument of patriarchy for example, the feminist Dale Spender, spoke of the English talking to as being manmade and as being an important contributor to womens heaviness (Spender 1980). It is therefore non surprising that talking to and discourse practices were and be subjected to feminist scrutiny, often guide to elaborate and detailed descriptions of male chauvinist practices affecting la nguage white plague. 2. Feminism and lingual refineFeminists, at least in western societies, similarly expressed a desire to change the patriarchal and sexist nature of language and therefore engaged in various types of lingual sort out or language readiness. Although many feminists sh ard the belief that changing lingual and discourse practices is an important element in womens bagging, this did not result in a uniform burn up to lingual clear up (see e.g. Pauwels 1998). The social, cultural, political and philosophical diversity which characterizes members of the feminist movement is also reflected in the approaches to and aims for feminist language reform. For example, not all forms of feminism, interpret womens liberation as a question of achieving mere equality of the sexes. Similarly, not all lingual reform proposals relieve oneself as their main aim the exercise of lingual equality of the sexes. Some reform initiatives primarily aim at exposing the sexist na ture of patriarchal language by causing linguistic disruptions.The strategies utilise to secure linguistic disruption frequently involve experimentation and creativity with all disunites of name and address. The word herstory to point to history which is not only about men, is an example of linguistic disruption a morphologic boundary has been reconstituted to + on semantic grounds. Creating a women-centred language capable of expressing domain from a female perspective is another prominent objective of few forms of feminist language planning. Proposed changes range from the creation of new women-centred meanings for dustup handle witch, hag and neologisms much(prenominal) as malestream, femocrat, graphemic innovations including womyn or wimmin and LehrerIn (German), to developing women- instructionsed discourses and plain off creating an entirely new language.An example of the latter is the Ladan language created by the science-fiction writer and linguist, Suzette Had en Elgin for the specific purpose of expressing the perceptions of women (Elgin 19881). Despite this diversity in reform initiatives and objectives for feminist language planning, it is the linguistic equality of the sexes approach which has become identical with feminist language planning in the eyes of the wider community. This is in part due to the prominence of liberal feminist approaches in the public compass which focus on achieving sex/ sexual practice equality. Linguistic discrimination is seen as a form of sex discrimination which can be address in ways similar to other forms of sex discrimination (e.g. in physical exercise). In fact the question of gender bias in occupational words is directly linked to gender discrimination in the employment atomic number 18na. The prominence of the linguistic equality approach is also due to the medias attention to non-sexist language guide pull outs, the main instrument of promoting this type of feminist language reform.Advocates of the linguistic equality approach use of goods and services the strategies of gender-neutralisation (sometimes gender abstraction) and/or gender-specification (feminisation) to expose their goal of creating a language system which allows for a balanced type of the sexes. Gender-neutralisation involves minimising or eliminating gender-specific expressions and constructions. It entails that any morphosyntactic and lexical features score human agent nouns and pronouns (or other parts of speech) as masculine or feminine are neutralised for gender, especially in generic wine wine contexts (Pauwels 1998 109).Examples for English include the elimination of gender-suffixes of -ess, -ette, -(tr)ix in notification to human agent nouns (e.g. hostess, aviatrix, usherette), the creation of heighten nouns involving -person (e.g. chairperson, tradesperson), and the avoidance of generic he. Gender-specification (also known as feminisation) is a strategy employ to achieve linguistic equali ty by making the invisible sex (in considerably-nigh cases, women) visible in language through systematic and symmetrical marking of gender.Although English does not use this strategy much (it is build more than often in languages with grammatical gender), the use of he or she, and of phrases such as police women and men, actors and actresses in generic contexts exemplifies the gender-specification strategy. Underlying the linguistic equality approach to reform is a belief that making changes to linguistic forms will contribute significantly to the promotion of non-sexist meanings. 3 Evaluating feminist linguistic reformIn the previous section I indicated that there are several approaches to feminist language reform and that the linguistic equality approach is the most(prenominal) prominent and possibly, the most widespread one. In this paper my focus is on the evaluation of the linguistic equality approach. Evaluating the outcome (a result or an effect of an action) is a cru cial aspect of any form of language planning. Language planners together with the interest groups, agencies or institutions which encouraged, demanded or sanctioned (allowed) the reforms are usually keen to assess the impact of planning on the linguistic behaviour of the individuals, groups or communities targeted by the reforms. Whereas advocates and/or opponents of linguistic reform are primarily interested in the extent to which the linguistic reform proposals have been adopted or rejected, for language planners the evaluation exercise also provides worth(predicate) information on the process of language planning, the factors which facilitate and/or close down change.A further interest for language planners who are also linguistic scholars is the possibility of comparing the process of the spread of so-called planned vs unwilled linguistic change thus contributing to a better reasonableness of linguistic change. Here I wish to explore two battleground aspects of the evaluat ion of feminist language planning (1) Evidence of the (successful) bankers acceptance of feminist linguistic proposals (2) Insights into the ways feminist language changes spread throughout the community.The espousal and spread of feminist linguistic reform are examined in relation to a prominent feature of feminist linguistic reform of the linguistic equality type the use of gender-neutral and/or gender-inclusive occupational nouns and titles. Data for this watchword come mainly from English, although reference is also made to Dutch, French and German studies. The discussion of linguistic spread is very preliminary as most data have not yet been subjected to a thorough abbreviation i.e. only crusades will be descentd. 4 Adopting feminist linguistic reform success or failure?4.1 Occupational nomenclatureIn many western societies feminist concerns about gender bias in occupational nouns, professional titles and ground attracted attention primarily through its link with hinge upon Discrimination Acts and other legislation aimed at eliminating gender-based discrimination in employment. Feminists and women activists in a range of professional bodies highlighted the fact that occupational and professional nomenclature used in employment-related contexts displayed bias in favour of men leading to womens invisibility in this area of language use. For example, linguistic practices found in many job classifieds assumed applicants to be male. Male-stereotyped language was used to describe applicants (e.g. aggressive, dynamic, virile). The use of masculine generic nouns and pronouns (e.g. the applicant he storeman, tradesman, cameraman he) further reinforced the maleness of the desired applicant.Research in the mid-seventies and 1980s (e.g. Bem & Bem 1973, Hamilton 1988, Kidd 1971, Mackay & Fulkerson 1979, Martyna 1978, Pincus & Pincus 1980, Schneider and Hacker 1973, Wilson & Ng 1988) found evidence that masculine generic nouns and pronouns were seldom inter preted in a generic, gender-neutral sense. Instead they were associated with male-specific images in many language users. Two major strategies emerged to eliminate this gender bias in occupational nomenclature gender-neutralisation and gender-specification (feminisation). Selecting one strategy over another seems partially linked to linguistic typology. Gender-specification as a main strategy is more likely to occur in the case of grammatical gender languages (e.g. German, French, Italian, Spanish) which shut away have productive gender suffixes (e.g. German).Gender-neutralisation is more likely to be use to languages with a natural gender system (e.g. English) or languages in which gender suffixes are less or no longer productive (e.g. Danish, Swedish and Dutch). However, the choice of the main strategy is also influenced by extra-linguistic or social arguments. Gender-neutralisation is clearly aimed at taking gender out of the occupational orbit. In other words, the aim is to ha ve a society in which a persons sex has no relevance or significance for their occupational status. Proponents of the feminisation strategy, on the other hand, argue that it is socially more effective to achieve linguistic equality by viewing that there are an increasing number of women in all areas of the salaried work force, i.e. womens participation in the work force take to be made more visible through the strategy of gender-specification or feminisation.In order to demonstrate successful bridal of feminist linguistic reform in this area of language use, evidence needs to be found that the feminist alternatives are used increasingly in gustatory perception to the gender biased forms and that the actual use of the feminist alternatives is in line with their promoted use. In language planning terms , successful feminist linguistic reform entails evidence that the feminist alternatives move from a status of discouraged or even disapproved use to that of tolerated, and eventua lly preferred or promoted use (Kloss 1968). Findings from Dutch, English, French (see especially Burr in this volume) and German research into the adoption of non-sexist occupational nomenclature confirm that feminist linguistic alternatives are (increasingly) used, although adoption rates vary substantially from language to language and vary accord to linguistic context/genre. For the purposes of this paper I will confine the showing of evidence to that found in relation to the print media (mainly newspapers).English speech communities seem to lead the way in the adoption of feminist linguistic alternatives for occupational terms. Cooper (1984) studied the impact of feminist language planning on the use of masculine generic pronouns and nouns (including occupational nouns) on a corpus of 500000 words taken from American newspapers, current affairs and womens magazines covering the period 1971 1979. He found a dramatic capitulation in the use of masculine generics, especially of generic man and generic he their use fell from 12.3% per 5000 words in 1971 to 4.3% in 1979. In New Zealand Meyerhoff (1984) analyzed changes in the use of masculine generics in a corpus of 150000 words taken from five newspapers with a different earreach (i.e. a national and a regional daily, a learner newspaper, a TV magazine and a womens magazine as well as a monthly publication of the New Zealands journalists union).Her study found evidence of a significant reduction in the use of masculine generic nouns and pronouns with the decrease being most pronounced for the educatee newspaper and the journalists union publication. The only publication to support - person compounds was the student newspaper. Holmes analysis of the occurrence of -person vs -man and -woman compound forms in the Wellington Corpus of indite New Zealand English covering the period 1986 1989 found that most such forms occurred very seldom (1 per 1 million words) with the exception vocalisation and chairpe rson (Holmes in press). The use of these two forms, however, was considerably lower than that of their masculine generic alternatives spokesman and moderate. The corpus revealed 6 instances of chairperson(s) vs 109 for chairman/men and 2 for chairwoman/women. Spokesperson(s) occurred 4 times in the corpus, spokespeople once, spokeswoman/women twice and spokesman/men 36 times.Holmes (in press) did note that the overwhelming majority of the instances of chairman were identifiable as male, a gloomy reflection of the social reality that it was men who held this position most often, even in 1986. She found only 4 instances of chairman being used to refer to a woman. My own study which comprised a corpus of 200000 words taken from two national Australian newspapers in 1992 and in 1996 similarly found an overall low incidence of -person, -man and -woman compound forms. The number of occurrences of chairman/chairwoman/ chairperson revealed the continued predominant use of chairman, altho ugh a breakdown of the numbers according to referents showed that chairman was predominantly used to refer to male referents.The few occurrences of chairperson and chair (see Table 1) do not allow for an interpretation of emerging trends. In the case of chairman I would have to agree with Holmes comment that its continuing, frequent use reflects the fact that out-of-the-way(prenominal) more men than women continue to occupy this position. It should also be state that newspaper articles are not an ideal source to establish generic uses of this term, as most references to this position specify the incumbent.In the case of spokesman/spokeswoman/spokesperson a more substantial change can be detect although 38 instances of spokesman were recorded, spokesperson appeared 32 times. A breakdown in terms of referents showed that 47% of spokesman uses referred to a male and that spokesman was never used to refer specifically to a female. Most uses of spokesperson had no specific referent. The re is also some indication that spokesperson is being used in link with male as well as female referents, hence avoiding the trend that the -person compound is used as a mere substitution for the -woman compound form.