Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Research Paper - 2

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Research Paper Example When the standard of care has been breached by medical practitioners and damage can be proven as a result, patients can take appropriate legal action (Johnson, 2010). Duty of care guarantees compliance to established Federal statutes. Secondary stakeholders, internally, are the physicians and nurses accountable for ensuring compliant medical procedures and patient oversight. Dr. DoRight must work with these staff members daily ensuring adequate supervision of their activities. Concurrently, this stakeholder group maintains certain protections under employment law that mandate the extent to which Dr. DoRight can intervene and establish disciplinary procedures. A third stakeholder group is the governance board charged with overseeing hospital operations and strategic developments. The Executive Committee and Regional Compliance Manager have responsibilities for ensuring compliance to established legalities in the medical field. In tandem, the governance stakeholders must ensure alignme nt of operational activities with established hospital regulations developed internally. Conflicts of Interest with Stakeholders The first conflict of interest requiring analysis is the relationship between Dr. DoRight and the governance board members. The governance system maintains responsibility for ensuring the publicized integrity and reputation of the hospital, which is a fundamental form of corporate protectionism. Dr. DoRight’s allegations (and they are only currently allegations) of staff misconduct poses future, potential reputation problems for the hospital if investigation determines that several years have passed without taking appropriate action for criminal misconduct by nurses and physicians. The governance board and Dr. DoRight also maintain responsibility for ensuring duty of care for patients, thrusting them all into a significant conflict of interest for protecting both the hospital public image and also ensuring patient standards of care. Additionally, th e many corporations and community organizations that conduct business with the hospital pose another conflict of interest for Dr. DoRight. Dr. DoRight has received numerous accolades for excellence in executive function, including the Medical Business Executive of the Year award in 2011. Dr. DoRight must determine whether to spare his reputation that has been gleaned through years of community and corporate trust-building whilst also maintaining responsibility to expose legal non-compliance that jeopardizes patient safety and security. Dr. DoRight likely asks himself whether self-protectionism or community/corporate stakeholder needs should be considered the most primary objective when considering what he believes is occurring in the organization. Has Dr. DoRight Fulfilled His Ethical Obligations? Dr. DoRight has not fully fulfilled his ethical obligations in this case. He certainly took the appropriate steps by informing his superiors (those with power to investigate and punish the se acts) which does speak toward his maintaining some form of ethical foundation and ethical value system. However, tort law can also provide potential consequences that give him personal

Life, work and influence of Lord Norman Forster Essay

Life, work and influence of Lord Norman Forster - Essay Example azakhstan, Hearst Tower in New York, National Police Memorial in London, Tanaka Business School in London, London City Hall, Dumas Headquarters, Swiss Re London, and won Sterling Prize twice. Over the years, his style has been evolved into a personification of perfection and he untiringly tries to innovate and improve his designs. â€Å"Fosters earlier designs reflected a sophisticated, machine-influenced high-tech vision. His style has since evolved into a more sublime, sharp-edged modernity† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Foster%2C_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank He was knighted in 1990 and was awarded Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1999. This prize is considered to be the Nobel of subject. He remains a kind of superstar architect, also called the â€Å"Lord Wobbly† of the British tabloids. He is regarded to be one of the best architects in the world today, with immense contribution to the field. His designs are occupying exalted places and Lord Foster is considered to be one of the national assets. This enterprising and visionary architect had been in news all along. He has received life tribute from House of Lords. Also has received hundreds of other awards including the RIBA gold medal. Foster and Partners was established in 1967, and his college mate, Richard Rogers joined him. This pair has created perhaps some of the greatest architectures in the world. Norman, along with architectural designs and execution, also designs building accessories like handles and furniture. Even though born into an ordinary working class family without any prop-ups, Lord Norman created a legendary success story for himself and his company, with his determination and talent. His Pritzker citation says: "His design objectives are guided not only toward the overall beauty and function of a project, but for the well-being of those people who will be the end-users. This social dimension to his work translates as making every effort to transform and improve the quality of life. In

Corruption of Love Within the Inncocent Essay Example for Free

Corruption of Love Within the Inncocent Essay Within the works of William Shakespeare’s Othello, Bram Stoker’s Dracula and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein the concept of love is found within characters that are innocent and filled with good intentions. In all three works, love fills specified characters with joy and gratefulness towards the other characters who they claim to love. Unfortunately, the characters that experience love are only satisfied with its graces until it somehow gets corrupted. The minds of the victimized characters are filled with anger, hatred, and some with the idea of vengeance. Corruption of love within Othello, Dracula, and Frankenstein come with causes and effects. In the two works Frankenstein and Othello, both Frankenstein’s creation and Othello were in love. The creature was in love with the cottagers and Othello was in love with Desdemona. When being presented with evidence to no longer feel love towards the people they claim to admire- it causes them to hate. The corruption in the relationships of Jonathan Harker from Dracula and Victor Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein is primarily caused by the supernatural beings working against them. Frankenstein’s love (Elizabeth) is murdered by the beast he creates, and Jonathan’s love (Mina) was corrupted when she is bitten by Dracula. The effect of love being corrupted in the works Frankenstein and Dracula results with the characters to seek revenge and to stop Frankenstein’s creature and Dracula from causing more pain to humanity. As a result of the characters Othello and the monster created by Frankenstein having their love corrupted, they murder the people who they see as the motivation for all of their actions. Once these characters come to a realization of their mistakes, it is too late and they commit suicide. Thus the works of William Shakespeare’s Othello, Bram Stoker’s Dracula and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein all focus on the causes and effects of love being corrupted within the innocent and how it changes its victims for the worst. The creation of Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein and Othello from the play Othello are b oth affectionate towards the ones they love. The creature loves the cottagers and Othello is in love with Desdemona. They put their loved ones on a pedestal and admire them for the many things they do. The cottagers taught the creation of Frankenstein how to socialize; how to speak, how to show affection towards others, to work with others, how to be humble, etc. By fascinating him and impressing him with the ways they lived their lives, he grew to love them without having to make a personal appearance. Othello is in love with a woman who he believes is forever loyal to him. Desdemona proves her love for Othello when she agrees to elope with him. As a token of Othello’s love, he presents Desdemona with a handkerchief that belonged to his mother. However, when the creation of Victor Frankenstein and Othello are given evidence that the ones they love are no longer worthy of their affection- their attitudes change completely and they let go of all previous feelings. Frankenstein’s creature had bad encounters with humans in the past, but from his observations of the De Lacey’s, he assumes they are different and won’t reject him. After discovering that he would undergo the same harsh treatment from his beloved cottagers as those from the other village, it is stated by the beast himself, â€Å"I could with pleasure have destroyed the cottage and its inhabitants and have glutted myself with their shrieks and misery† (125). He then changes his feelings of love towards humanity into hate, and swears to get revenge on the man who created and abandoned him to be tortured and neglected. Othello is told that his wife has been having affairs with one of his most trusted companions (Cassio). He dismisses the thought immediately and sees no threat until he is provided with visual proof from Iago. After seeing Cassio with his mother’s handkerchief, Othello perceives the innocent Desdemona as guilty. â€Å"Ay, let her rot and perish and be damned tonight, for she Shall not live† (4.1.172) exclaims Othello. The situation makes him so enraged that he no longer cares for her existence and he is now willing to get prepared to execute her. Therefore, the characters Othello and Frankenstein’s creation are filled with hatred and the need for vengeance once they feel that they are victims whose love has been corrupted and abused. The supernatural beings Count Dracula from the novel Dracula and the monster produced by Victor Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein work as the main forces that contribute to the corruption of the relationships of Jonathan Harker and Victor Frankenstein. Jonathan constantly shows his affection towards Mina by portraying her to be his motivation to stay alive in Dracula’s castle. Both he and his betrothed are anxious to be reunited. Growing up together, Frankenstein has always been very fond of Elizabeth. Both characters come to the conclusion that they share mutual feelings of love towards one another and decide to get married. Both couples remain happy until they have encounters with beings that have selfish intentions of destroying their relationships for their satisfaction. It is stated by Count Dracula, â€Å"Your girls that you all love are mine already; and through them you and others shall yet be mine my creatures, to do all my bidding and to be my jackals when I want to feed† (332). The quote implies that the female characters in the novel Dracula- like Mina Harker are no longer bonded with their lovers but are enslaved by The Count. When being held under the power of Dracula, Mina is not in her right state of mind and she no longer prioritizes her love for Jonathan. Victor Frankenstein is given an ultimatum by his creature to create a companion. However, Victor is unwilling because he does not want to be responsible for more chaos that could potentially be caused. After being denied of his request, the monster threatens, â€Å"I will be with you on your wedding night† (Frankenstein, 158), and the thought alone tormented Frankenstein. On Victor’s wedding night, the words of the monster were no longer a threat, but reality. Elizabeth was found murdered in their room. Therefore, when Count Dracula bites Mina and the monster created by Frankenstein murders Elizabeth; they corrupt the love of both couples by preventing the women to love their partners back. When love is corrupted in the two works Frankenstein and Dracula, outcomes are characters who want to seek revenge and to defeat both fiends before they cause more chaos and pain. The creature created by Frankenstein has proved itself to be dangerous to humanity. At first, the people who hadpersonal encounters with him just assumed he was a threat because of his appearance. After being so tired of being rejected, the beast shows himself as someone who would kill innocent people for satisfaction. Specifically, he targets Victor’s loved ones as a punishment for creating him and abandoning him in an atmosphere that does not accept him. In the novel Dracula, The Count is seen as a hazard as well. In one of his many forms, he approaches the innocent and attacks them with a bite so he can use them for his selfish needs. After the loss of practically everyone he holds dear to him, Victor decides that he has been through enough. â€Å"I devote myself, either in my life or death to hi s destruction† (191), concluded Victor confidently. By saying so, Victor made the commitment to devote the rest of his life to finding the beast that destroyed the lives of so many innocent people. The warning, â€Å"We must either capture or kill this monster in his lair; or we must, so to speak, sterilise the earth† (261), is said to inform that it is requirement to put an end to Dracula in order to save the rest of the human race from becoming his slaves. With that being said, Van Helsing and the other male characters eagerly set out on the hunt for Dracula. Therefore, results of love being corrupted within the works Dracula and Frankenstein are the affected characters feeling obligated to avenge the death of their loved ones and destroy those who inflicted pain so they can not hurt anyone else. Committing murder is a result of corrupted love in regards to the characters Othello from the work Othello and the monster created by Frankenstein from the novel Frankenstein. The two types of murders that occur are ones directed towards people seen as the cause for feelings of being Victimized, and suicide from guilt and regret. Being persuaded that he has been betrayed by the innocent Desdemona, Othello is enraged by the idea and declares, â€Å"Yet she must die, else shell betray more men† (5.2.6). Determined to put an end to his wife, Othello does not realize that he is falsely accusing Desdemona, and is making a huge mistake by bringing her to her death bed. At first, the beast feels remorse for being responsible for personally taking two innocent lives. However, after being denied a companion, the monster of Frankenstein is filled with hatred and believes that it is essential for his creator to feel just as lonely as he does. He is not satisfied until all the loved ones in the life of Victor Cabildo Frankenstein are dead. After finally being revealed the truth about Desdemona’s innocence by Bianca, Othello is filled with shame, misery and regret. To punish himself for being responsible of destroying the love of his life, he kills himself to join her in the afterlife. Once the beast discovers the recent death of his creator he says, â€Å"What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed thee by destroying all thou lovedst† (Frankenstein, 209). Feeling guilty and responsible of the situation, like Othello, the beast also decides to join the deceased by murdering himself. Therefore, the characters in the works Othello and Frankenstein who act as villains commit suicide because of the shame and regret that overwhelms their consciences when they realize they have murdered innocent people. Corruption of love in the relationships of the innocent characters in the works of William Shakespeare’s Othello, Bram Stoker’s Dracula and Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein are based on the causes and effects and how it alters its innocent targets to becoming their worst. Characters like Othello and the creation of Frankenstein freely showed their affection until they were provided with reason to express hatred. Thanks to the supernatural villains in the works Dracula and Frankenstein, love was corrupted in the relationships of Jonathan Harker and Victor Frankenstein when they could no longer approach their loved ones in the same way. When love was corrupted in the works Dracula and Frankenstein, the affected characters felt obligated to seek revenge and prevent any harm towards the rest of humanity by putting an end to the villains that posed a threat. By being affected by corrupted love, the characters Othello and the monster of Frankenstein even resorted to murdering innocent lives. Unfortunately they did not identify the mistakes that were made until it was too late. Out of guilt and shame of their actions and the villains commit suicide to join the ones they killed. With so many lives being lost throughout the three works, it can be seen as a tragedy. The love of those lost can never be expressed or brought back; and that defines the situation as turning out for the worst. Therefore, negative interferences in any shape or form contribute to the corruption of love within the innocent characters from the three works- which leads to the motivation for revenge and killing. Work Cited: Shakespeare, William. Othello New York: Washington Square Press: 1993. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein New York: Bantam: 2004. Stade, George. â€Å"Introduction†. Dracula New York: Bantam, 2006 v-xiv. Stoker, Bram. Dracula New York: Bantam: 2004.

Dimensions of Service Quality and Administration Quality

Dimensions of Service Quality and Administration Quality JASVINDER SINGH 1 Service quality: the approach is may be defined from the customers prospective. A deal giving that introduce the customer need and want to his complete satisfaction is quality service. This approach is also recognise that different customers have different need, because it is hard to satisfy each and every customers. Our organisation is Kolmar rest home. And there provided good quality of service by the employees such as food, medication, dressing etc. The dimension of service quality represents how consumers organise information about service quality in their mind. Five dimensions of service quality 1. Reliability: Reliability is defined as the capacity to give service as they promised service and accurately. Organisation need to aware the expectation of reliability. If the organisation not able to provide service than client think they are not interested, fail, or frustrate from their customers. 2. Responsiveness: It is the willingness to help the customers and provide prompt service. These dimensions emphasise attentiveness and promptness in dealing with customers request, questions, complaints and problems. Responsiveness is to talk to customers by the long period of time they have to wait for support, answers to question or attention to problem. To excel the responsive ness organisation must be certain view the process service delivery the handling of requests from the customer’s point of view, rather than company view of point. 3. Assurance: It is characterized as workers learning and affability and the capacity of the association and its workers to move trust and certainty. This measurement is liable to be especially essential for administrations that the client sees as including high hazard and about which they feel unverifiable about their capacity to assess results; 4. Security: Security means freedom from danger, risk or doubt. Factor included are physical safety, financial security and confidential. 5. Tangibles: It is defined as the appearance of physical features, equipment, and personal, written communication material. These give physical representation or picture of the administration that clients, especially new clients, will use to assess quality. However, associations are frequently used to improve the picture of firm conversely, firms that dont pay consideration on the unmistakable measurement of the administration technique can befuddle and even annihilate or generally great methodology. Service marketing (2013) Servqual model Service Quality Administration quality can be characterized as the Difference between client desires of administration and saw administration. In the event that desires are more prominent than execution, then saw quality is not exactly attractive and subsequently client disappointment Occurs. Continuously there exists an essential inquiry: why ought to administration quality be measured? Estimation Allows for examination prior and then afterward changes, for the area of value related issues and for the foundation of clear norms for administration conveyance. Edvardsen et al. (1994) state that, in their Experience, the beginning stage in creating quality in administrations is examination and estimation. The SERVQUAL methodology, which is considered in this paper is the most widely recognized technique for measuring Administration quality Model of Service Quality Gaps:  Shahin, A (2006) There are seven noteworthy holes in the administration quality idea. As indicated by the accompanying clarification (ASI Quality frameworks, 1992; Curry, 1999; Luk and Layton, 2002), the three essential holes, which are more connected with the outside clients are Gap 1, Gap 5 and Gap 6; since they have an immediate association with clients. Gap 1: Customers desires versus administration observations: as an aftereffect of the absence of a showcasing examination introduction, insufficient upward correspondence and an excess of layers of administration. Gap 2: Management observations versus administration details: as a consequence of insufficient duty to administration quality, an impression of unfeasibility, deficient errand institutionalization and a nonattendance of objective setting. Gap 3: Service particulars versus administration conveyance: as a consequence of part uncertainty and clash, poor representative employment fit and poor innovation occupation fit, unseemly supervisory control frameworks, absence of saw control and absence of cooperation. Gap 4: Service conveyance versus outside correspondence: as a consequence of deficient flat correspondences and penchant to over-guarantee. Gap 5: The disparity between client desires and their view of the administration conveyed: as a consequence of the impacts applied from the client side and the shortages (holes) from the administration supplier. For this situation, client desires are impacted by the degree of individual needs, verbal proposal and past administration encounters. Gap 6: The error between client desires and workers recognitions: as an aftereffect of the distinctions in the comprehension of client desires by forefront administration suppliers. Gap 7: The error between workers recognitions and administration observations: as a consequence of the distinctions in the comprehension of client desires in the middle of administrators and administration supplier. As per my own research on my organisation so I found my organisation currently facing gap 4 problem because our company has so many client who immigrant from different place like( Tongan, Punjabi, Samoan) so communication is main problem as our employee can speak English but sometimes it’s hard to understand for clients and employee to. Solution for this problem our organisation need to hire staff according to the nationality of client the person who can speak at least two languages (English and his native language). Because it help to avoid misunderstanding and errors. Kanban system: Kanban is the system design to decline the time of work. The crucial hint behind this system is to distribute what the process requirement exactly when it essentials it. In Japanese,. Kanban was originally invented as a part of the famous Toyota Production System. The word â€Å"Kan† means visual and ban signifies card, so Kanban alludes to visual cards. Incline utilizes visual cards as a flagging framework that triggers an activity to supply the procedure with its needs either from an outside supplier referred to with the configuration of draw frameworks and the idea of conveying without a moment to spare products. Our organisation always follow Kanban system. They pre prepare sop for each and every patient they distribute responsibility of job on every employee. And every employee have their roaster and they follow the instruction which is written on it.And it’s really important not for our organisation also for other agencies because it reduce the errors and misunderstanding. Lean principle technique: Prof. Domingo. T (2003) A lean organization knows customer importance and target its key processes to constantly grow it. The vital goal is to provide exact value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that has zero waste. To meet this, lean works changes the goal of management from optimizing separate technologies, assets, and vertical departments to optimizing the flow of goods and delivery through whole value streams that flow straight across technologies, assets, and departments to customers. Eliminate waste along complete value streams, instead of at isolated points, creates strategies that require low human effort, minimum space, and least time to ready goods and services at far minimum costs and with no defects. Companies can respond to varying customer wants with many variety, good quality, minimum cost, and with very rapid throughput times. Also, informationmanagement becomes much simpler and more accurate. In our organisation we implement lean as reduce the use of gloves. Earlier employee used gloves excess than need. So there are many types of gloves in market. Some are expensive and some are cheap.so now our organisation decide to use low quality of gloves for cleaning patient’s room, clothes and dressing but for food handling and dealing with medication at that time they would use good quality of gloves and that would save money of organisation. 14 Standards for Administration:  E. Edwards (2015) W. Edwards Deming offered 14 key standards for administration to take after for altogether enhancing the adequacy of a business or association. A number of the standards are philosophical. Others are more automatic. All are transformative in nature. The focuses were initially introduced in his book Out of the Crisis. The following is the build-up of the 14 Points for Management as they showed up in the book. Make consistency of reason toward change of item and administration, with the mean to wind up focused and to stay in business, and to give employments. Embrace the new logic. We are in another monetary age. Western administration must stir to the test, must take in their obligations, and tackle initiative for change. Stop reliance on assessment to accomplish quality. Kill the requirement for assessment on a mass premise by building quality into the item in any case. End the act of recompensing business on the premise of sticker. Rather, minimize aggregate expense. Move toward a solitary supplier for any one thing, on a long haul relationship of dedication and trust. Enhance continually and always the arrangement of creation and administration, to enhance quality and profitability, and in this way always lessening expenses. Organization preparing at work. Foundation initiative (see Point 12 and Ch. 8). The point of supervision ought to be to help individuals and machines and contraptions to improve work. Supervision of administration need redesign, and additionally supervision of generation specialists. Drive out apprehension, so that everybody may work successfully for the organization. Separate boundaries between divisions. Individuals in examination, outline, deals, and generation must fill in as a group, and to predict issues of creation and being used that may be experienced with the item or administration. Wipe out trademarks, urgings, and focuses for the work power requesting zero deformities and new levels of profitability. Such admonishments just make antagonistic connections, as the heft of the reasons for low quality and low efficiency fit in with the framework and in this way lie past the force of the work power. References: 1. Services marketing: service quality dimensions and servqual,( 2013)retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/hisema/sm-6service-qualitydimensions 2. Dr. Shahin.A 2006 SERVQUAL and Model of Service Quality retrieved from Gapshttp://itsm.ucdavis.edu/sites/default/files/files/page/SERVQUAL%20case%20study.pdf 3. A detailed introduction of Kanban system (2015) retrieved from  https://www.atlassian.com/agile/kanban 4. Lean enterprises institute (2000-2015) retrieved from  http://www.lean.org/WhatsLean/ 5. E.Edwards(2015) the fourteen points of transformation of management retrieved from  .https://deming.org/theman/theories/fourteenpoints

Affirmitive Action Essay -- Affirmative Action Essays

Affirmative Action is the name given to programs that try to correct past and ongoing discriminations against women, racial minorities, and others in the work force and in education. The principal goal of Affirmative Action is to create more diversity and equal opportunities in jobs or schools that used to be all or mostly male, white, or both. Affirmative Action programs have been in place only a little over thirty years. Affirmative action works. There are thousands of examples of situations where people of color, and white women who were previously excluded from jobs or educational opportunities, or were denied opportunities once admitted, have gained access through affirmative action. When these policies received executive branch and judicial support, vast numbers of people of color, and white women gained access they would not otherwise have had. These gains have led to very real changes. Affirmative action has definitely helped women and minorities in their careers. White women now hold 40 percent of all corporate middle-management jobs, and the number of women-owned businesses has grown by 57 percent since 1982† (Dundul, p.64). Affirmative action programs have not eliminated racism, nor have they always been implemented without problems. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem it chose to ignore. Comparable imbalances exist for other racial and ethnic minorit ies as well as for women. Yet, to truly understand the importance of affirmative action, one must look at America's past discrimination. Affirmative action is needed to level the playing field of the work force in America. Affirmative action has had its greatest amount of success in city, state, and government jobs. Since the 1960s the area of law enforcement witnessed the greatest increase in minority applicants, and in jobs offered to minorities. This should be viewed as extremely positive, because prior to affirmative action these jobs were almost completely closed off to minorities and woman. Affirmative action has experienced considerably less success in integration in big business. This is due to the fact big business has been more resistant to affirmative action and harder to regulate. Affirmative action is also needed to help black women to compete in today's corporate world. Black women in corporate America are still scarce. The Bu... ...ation would not be open to minorities and women, which could result in poverty and discrimination. Affirmative action is our only hope not only in for equality in jobs and education but life itself. In conclusion, Affirmative Action is one of the most important and controversial social issues of our time, and will continue to be questionable as long as it is part of our legal system. Legal decisions regarding Affirmative Action are thrusting it towards extinction, but its supporters will fight fiercely to reverse the trend, and it will be interesting to observe the direction taken by the courts in the next few years. Regardless of the outcome, Affirmative Action has revolutionized the way the population views race, whether part of the majority or the minority. Works Cited -Dundul,Tom. â€Å"Affirmative Action†. Working Women Oct. 1995: 63-66. -Cyrus, Virgina. Experiencing Race, Class, and Gender in the United States. Second Edition. Mayfield: Publishing Co. 1996. - Skylar, Holly. Chaos or Community? Seeking Solutions, Not Scapegoats for bad Economics Boston: South End Press. 1995. -Chappell, Kevin. â€Å"What they Don’t Tell you about Affirmative Action† Ebony Aug. 1995: 24-26.

Germania: Tacitus’ Perceptions of Pax Romana Rome Essay -- Roman Histo

Germania: Tacitus’ Perceptions of Pax Romana Rome While the early 2nd century is usually considered to be the height of the Roman Empire, closer examinations reveal a deteriorating state hiding behind a faà §ade of power and wealth. As modern day historian C. Warren Hollister described, â€Å"life in Rome’s ‘golden age’ could be pleasant enough if one were male, adult, very wealthy, and naturally immune to various epidemic diseases. But if this was humanity’s happiest time, God help us all!† (14). Living during this time period, Cornelius Tacitus perceived of the rust slowly consuming through Rome’s golden shine. He writes, â€Å"the destinies of the Empire have passed their zenith,† predicting the end of an era 300 years before it occurred (33). He makes this conclusion based on observations of a deterioration of loyalty to the Empire due to weakened patriotism and societal values. His criticisms on the flaws of the Empire are interwoven into the text of his Germania, some b eing obvious while others are more discreet. Written in 98 AD, Germania is a description of barbarian lifestyle and culture that Tacitus compiled from different accounts and sources. What makes it a somewhat unreliable historical source is that Tacitus interjects the text with his own opinions about the Empire. For example, Tacitus’ cynicism with the supposed power and strength of the Empire is revealed through his descriptions of the strength of the Germans. In this time period, the Empire represented the paragon of strength in a society, but Tacitus immediately brings attention to the hardiness and unity of the Germans in their barbaric wasteland. While the Romans enjoyed a temperate Mediterranean climate, the Germans lived in a place where t... ...able and foresees the fall of the Western Empire three centuries years later. He even says that the Empire was still standing because the Germans were too busy fighting each other, and that â€Å"Fortune can guarantee us nothing better than discord among our foes† (33). Tacitus’ insight on the weaknesses of the Empire during its so-called â€Å"golden age† should press modern readers to re-evaluate preconceptions of the Pax Romana. Although Germania may paint a biased picture of the Germans living at the time period, Tactius’ work is valuable because of the interesting perceptions it conveys. Works Cited Hollister, C. Warren. Medieval Europe: A Short History. 8th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1998. Tacitus. Dialogus, Agricola, Germania. Trans. Maurice Hutton. London: Heineman, 1914. IN Readings in Medieval History. 2nd ed. Ed. Patrick J. Geary. Toronto: Broadview, 1997.

Organizational/Industrial Psychologist

Industrial/Organizational psychology refers to a branch of psychology concerned with offering solutions to challenges as well as problems facing the modern organizations. Industrial/ Organizational psychology refers to a branch of psychology which mainly concerns itself with offering solutions to challenges as well as problems facing individuals or workers at their workplace. The professionals in this field otherwise referred to as industrial/organizational psychologists are also involved in exploring complex issues concerned with employee productivity and performance (Yeung & Monsell, 2003). According to (Kuther, & Morgan, 2006), industrial / organization psychologists have a role of applying psychology in their work place with aim of solving the numerous personal or organizational problems of psychological nature. These may include issues such as retirements, losing jobs, transfers which involve relocating to hardship zones or even temporary separation from loved ones, change of careers as well as issues related to employee-employer relations. Industrial / organizational psychologists are concerned with issues aimed at bringing about job satisfaction for the employees through a better understanding of human behavior (Rubinstein, Meyer, & Evans, 2001). Additionally, industrial/ Organizational psychologists assist the employers in the selection process in order to ensure that, an organization only recruits the best in the market, by helping employees to adapt well to the workplace as well as helping employers to recruit the best, into the workplace. Industrial /organizational psychologists can be said to form a very important and crucial part of the organizational structure. Usually, industrial/organizational psychologists rely upon a number of tools and instruments to carry out their duties. Notably, industrial psychologists use special tests, surveys, as well as training programs in order to achieve their aims. Apart from working in companies and in the manufacturing industries, industrial/organizational psychologists offer their services in institutions such as universities where by they are primarily concerned with designing of training courses. Besides the above, organizational / industrial psychologists aid organizations to deal with pertinent issues which usually come up in organizations thus threatening the very existence of the same. Such may include challenges in the work place such as, discrimination, favorism, as well as poor relations or negative organizational culture. For one to qualify for the profession, it is mandatory that, one is a graduate, and besides that, a holder of a master or PhD degree. Depending on ones level of qualifications, remuneration slightly varies from organization to organization, but the profession can be termed as highly lucrative. For one to advance to a higher level for instance master or PhD, in most cases, an undergraduate training in a psychology major is necessary for one to be admitted into the course. This is mainly because organizational/industrial psychology profession mainly builds onto psychology courses as well as knowledge. Another useful skill needed in the profession is the knowledge of statistical and research methods. These are particularly important and relevant in that, industrial psychology as a profession dealing with organizational issues often requires the use of empirical studies to solve challenges at the work place. Usually most challenges do require the application of research methods or surveys in order to offer solution and answers to pressing questions (Rubinstein, Meyer, & Evans, 2001). As an organizational / industrial psychologist, one is also required to posses’ sound knowledge and skills in the use of computers. This is very necessary in that, interpretation of research data is best carried out with an aid of statistical software while at the same time most of the presentations done by the organizational/industrial psychologists as well as the preparations which precedes presentations requires sound computational skills. Over and above all, industrial/organizational psychology demands strong communication skills. The most surprising thing about an organizational /industrial psychology profession is the fact that it is possible for one to work in different organizations as well as companies. While there are hundreds of opportunities available for academicians in the field, more exist for non academicians who may involve practitioners and consultants. While academicians who are primarily professors are involved in teaching in universities or colleges, the non-academicians organizational psychologists usually research and work for private companies, government departments and other organizations where their services may be required (Yeung, & Monsell, 2003). The most surprising element for the organization/industrial pspcychology is the fact that, professionals in the field are rarely supervised and the level of autonomy involved is quite amazing. The other surprising thing about the profession is the fact that, the very high qualifications required before one can be enrolled for the course epically in the graduate schools. Finally, it is worthy noting that, the profession requires commitment and however lucrative it may seem, it requires high discipline and commitment for one to be successful.